耐镉菌种的筛选培养及其对镉的吸附研究

通过实验从镉污染土壤中初筛得到了5株细菌和2株酵母菌,分别对这7株菌进行了耐镉性研究,通过对其生物量的比较,得到了2株（TLB-1和TLB-2）耐镉性较强的细菌。TLB-1和TLB-2在最佳条件下培养后,考察了TLB-1和TLB-2菌在不同吸附时间、pH值、Cd2＋浓度和温度等条件下的吸附效果。实验结果表明,这2株细菌都能在有Cd2＋的情况下存活,并且对Cd2＋具有良好的吸附效果,其吸附率可分别达到79.85%和89.04%。     

Improvement of the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) analytical method for reclaimed water

Microbial growth is an issue of concern that may cause hygienic and aesthetic problems during the transportation and usage of reclaimed water. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) is an important parameter which determines the heterotrophic bacterial growth potential of water. Pseudomonas fluorescens P17 and Spirillum sp. NOX are widely used to measure AOC in drinking water. The AOC values of various reclaimed water samples determined by P17 and NOX were compared with those determined by the new strains isolated from reclaimed water in this study. It showed that the conventional test strains were not suitable for AOC measurement of reclaimed water in certain cases. In addition to P17 and NOX, Stenotrophomonas sp. ZJ2, Pseudomonas saponiphila G3 and Enterobacter sp. G6, were selected as test strains for AOC measurement of reclaimed water. Key aspects of the bioassay including inoculum cell density, incubation temperature, incubation time and the pH of samples were evaluated for the newly selected test strains. Higher inoculum density (10⁴ CFU·mL^-1) and higher incubation temperature (25°C) could reduce the time required for the tests. The AOC results of various collected samples showed the advantages of the method proposed based on those five strains in evaluating the biologic stability of reclaimed water.     

Strengthening effects of ammonia nitrogen on the harmless biological treatment of oily sludge

To improve the efficiency of oil degradation and strengthen the harmless treatment of oily sludge, three dominant strains identified as Chryseomicrobium sp. YL2, Gordonia sp. YL3 and Acinetobacter sp. YL5 were isolated from soil near a refinery, and the effects on the bioremediation of the oily sludge from the refinery were investigated. The results showed that the efficiency of oil degradation increased by 31.5% compared with the control when the dominant strains were added to the treatment of oily sludge. Furthermore, the dominant strains could use oil as a carbon source for heterotrophic nitrification–aerobic denitrification. The addition of ammonia nitrogen resulted in a large number of remaining microbes and heightened dehydrogenase activity in the oily sludge, further accelerating oil degradation, mainly for C₁₁ to C₂₅ saturated hydrocarbons, and the oil degradation efficiency increased by 40.8%. After 120 days of bioremediation, the biotoxicity of oily sludge, which was expressed by the equivalent phenol concentration, decreased by 40.0% compared with that of the control, indicating that the addition of ammonia nitrogen enhanced the biodegradation of oil. This method can be used to strengthen the harmless treatment of oily sludge in practical engineering applications.     

高效复合菌的富集培养试验研究

采用自配污水和食品污水作为培养基对高效复合菌富集培养。结果表明 :(1 )培养液中优势菌种及其世代期的不同导致生长曲线是多峰值的 ;(2 )由于各种好氧菌的微观激活条件不同 ,因此曝气时平行样的生长曲线互不相同 ;(3)相同条件重复培养 ,高效复合菌的重现性差。     

含氟有机化合物优势降解菌的筛选

从受含氟有机物长期污染的污泥中驯化筛选得到7株优势降解菌,可利用氟代有机化合物为唯一碳源生长。取其中2株菌进行生物忍耐力及生物降解实验,结果表明:菌株对含氟有机物有较强的忍受能力,在浓度高达1000mg/L的条件下仍能生长;生物降解实验中全氟辛酸可被筛选菌脱氟降解。     

基于运动学分析的高切坡稳定性评价

本文以三峡库区秭归县桐树湾高切坡为例,根据高切坡的岩性及其倾向将高切坡分为三段,对高切坡区的结构面进行统计分析,采用赤平投影法确定了优势结构面及结构面交线的产状,同时采用运动学分析方法在仅考虑重力作用下,对三段高切坡分别进行了平面破坏、楔形破坏与倾倒破坏3种破坏模式的最大安全开挖切坡角的确定,并与实际开挖切坡角进行对比分析,评价高切坡的稳定性,结果表明:三段高切坡发生3种基本破坏的最大安全开挖切坡角大于高切坡目前的切坡角,可见在仅考虑重力作用下,三段高切坡发生3种破坏的可能性较小,处于稳定状态。该研究可为高切坡治理设计提供依据。     

混合菌对原油的降解及其降解性能的研究

从污染土壤中分离筛选到四株石油组分降解菌被用于组建降解原油的混合菌体系.石油组分降解菌包括:烷烃降解菌洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia)GS3C、菲降解菌鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas sp.)GY2B、芘降解菌GP3(假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)GP3A和伯克菌科的菌株(Pandoraea pnomenusa)GP3B).气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)用于对原油降解性能的测定,并对原油组分的降解情况进行详细分析.通过对不同菌株的混合培养比较,得到降解原油的最佳组合G8(GS3C+GY2B+GP3B),培养5d后使初始原油浓度为2000mg·mL-1的总去除率达到69.20%,并且对烷烃类和芳烃类化合物都表现出较强的降解能力.混合菌G8对原油的总去除率比单菌提高了近30%,其最适生长条件为:温度为30℃,初始pH值为7,接种量为4%.     

与黄孢原毛平革菌协同降解稻草的混合菌筛选

在纤维素筛选培养基中加入黄孢原毛平革菌稻草固态发酵的浸提液,用这种培养基从自然环境中筛选出与黄孢原毛平革菌相容的菌株,在PDA和MEA平板上进行相容性测试,选择出生长稳定,可以与黄孢原毛平革菌较好共存的6株真菌.考察了6株真菌分别与黄孢原毛平革菌混合培养降解稻草时的酶活和对木质纤维素类组分的降解,筛选出3组更优的组合,其混合培养时,对于纤维素酶能产生较好的协同效果,纤维素降解效果较好.对于木质素降解效率的显著提高,可能是由于发酵体系内的胞外酶和一些活性因子的作用.     

优势菌处理印染废水中水解池的脱色机理

对采用投优势菌群的水解（酸化）-好氧工艺,已稳定运行3年以上的印染废水处理工程的水解池进行菌种的分离、鉴定;对分离得到的10株纯菌进行单株及10株混合菌群的脱色能力、脱色条件试验。结果表明,在数量及脱色能力上,运行前投入的主要用于脱色的分属于假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属、红螺菌属的菌株仍占优势;混合菌群的脱色能力优于单株菌,对温度、pH值的适应能力更强,脱色时间更短;菌群的最佳脱色温度是30℃,pH值为9。     

产表面活性剂降解石油菌株产物性质及降解性能研究

微生物是组成生态系统的重要成员,在污染物去除中发挥着重要作用,是生物修复中的主力,然而在石油污染修复过程中,石油烃的疏水性会限制微生物对石油的降解,但一些微生物的细胞代谢物即生物表面活性剂,它是微生物在一定条件下代谢分泌产生的具有一定表面活性,集亲水基和疏水基结构于一分子的两亲性化合物,可以促进油的乳化,提高油的分散程度,增大菌株和油珠的接触机会,促进对石油烃的吸收和降解。在实验室分离得到了7株产表面活性剂石油降解菌株,经分子鉴定可知菌1和菌2都为粘质沙雷氏菌Serratia marcescens,菌3为居植物柔武氏菌Raoultella planticola,菌4,菌6和菌7都为克雷伯氏菌Klebsiella variicola,菌5为蜡状芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus。主要研究了它们的生长与表面活性剂物质分泌状况的关系,发现随着时间增加,OD值随之增大,表面张力呈现下降趋势;并对菌株产物进行提取和薄层层析,离子型分析和红外光谱分析,初步判断其产物均为阴离子糖脂类;通过pH,初始油质量浓度,接种量和盐度4个单因素的变化研究菌1粘质沙雷氏菌,菌3居植物柔武士菌,菌5蜡状芽孢杆菌和菌6克雷伯氏菌对石油类物质降解能力,发现菌3居植物柔武氏菌和菌5蜡状芽孢杆菌降解性能较好;通过响应曲面法优化蜡状芽孢杆菌的降解条件,得出其最佳降解条件为pH为5.02,油质量浓度为3 g·L-1,接种量为1199.98μL,盐度为0.5 g·L-1时,在此条件下,菌株对石油的降解率为66.94%。