荷兰DSM化工厂生物除氮技术简介

本文主要介绍了荷兰DSM化工厂生物除氮技术     

采用清洁燃料控制燃煤工业锅炉SO2污染--中国燃煤工业锅炉SO2污染综合防治对策(二)

研究了采用清洁燃料控制燃煤工业锅炉SO2的污染。研究表明，在有条件的地方及部门，首先要采用清洁燃料．这是控制燃煤工业锅炉SO2污染的最简便、最有效的措施。     

用化肥废催化剂制备硫酸铝钾

研究了以含铝、钴的化肥废催化剂为原料制备硫酸铝钾(明矾)的方法。确定了最佳工艺条件:化肥废催化剂粒度为300目、硫酸浓度为9 mol／L、浸取时间为30 min、用K2CO3调滤液pH至1-2。在该条件下制备的KAl(SO4)2·12H2O产品纯度为98.2％,达到日本工业标准(JIS K1473-1970)工业级纯度。     

Stem Growth of Picea Abies in South Western Sweden in the 10 Years Following Liming and Addition of PK and N

Liming and/or application of specific nutrients have been proposed as countermeasures to the acidification of forest soils in southern Sweden. In this study the stem growth of Picea abies (L.) Karst. growing on acidic mineral soils in SW Sweden was investigated 10 years after additions of lime (Ca; 3000 kg lime ha⁻¹), lime plus P (25 kg ha⁻¹) and K (80 kg ha⁻¹), or N in low doses (2 × 10 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) (treatments: CaPK, Ca, N, CaPKN, and 2Ca2P2K, respectively). Compared with the control, stem growth was increased following all treatments involving lime additions, including liming alone. The PK addition did not seem to affect growth. The most plausible cause of the observed growth increases was that the lime additions indirectly increased the supply of plant-available N. The annual low-dose N addition did not significantly affect growth. This suggests that air-borne deposition of N, which supplies very small doses of N throughout the year, has a minor or even negligible influence on P. abies growth.     

Impact of Harvest Intensity on Long-Term Base Cation Budgets in Swedish Forest Soils

The effects of harvesting on the long-term mass balances of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) were evaluated on a regional level in Sweden. A new high-resolution weathering database was used together with estimates of total deposition, losses through harvest and leaching. Estimates were made for pine and spruce separately and for two harvesting intensity scenarios: stem harvesting and whole-tree harvesting. The mass balance calculations showed net losses of Ca and Mg in almost the whole country for both scenarios. The losses were smaller for pine than for spruce. The K balances were mainly positive for pine but negative for spruce. Leaching was a main factor in the mass balances, especially for Ca and Mg. Whole-tree harvesting in spruce forests led to substantially higher net losses of K and Ca than stem harvesting, according to the calculations. In the whole-tree harvesting scenario in spruce forests the estimated yearly net losses of Ca, Mg and K corresponded to at least 5%, 8% and 3% of the pools of exchangeable base cations, respectively, at 25% of the analysed sites. If losses of this magnitude continue the depletion of the pools of Ca, Mg and K may lead to very low base saturation of the soils, possibly accompanied by negative effects on soil fertility, runoff water quality, tree vitality and tree growth within a forest rotation in parts of Sweden. Avoiding whole-tree harvesting can improve the situation substantially for K, but the losses of Ca and Mg will still be significant.     

钾明矾缓释除磷剂处理分散式农村生活污水

以钾明矾为主要絮凝剂,羟丙基甲基纤维素醚（HPMC）为黏结剂,二者充分混合制成缓释除磷药片,并在缓释除磷装置及低能耗分散式污水处理成套装置中分别考察了其对总磷的去除效果。缓释除磷装置除磷研究结果表明：加入羟丙基甲基纤维素醚（HPMC）后,明显延长了药片缓释时间。但加入的羟丙基甲基纤维素醚（20%）越多,则对总磷的去除效果越差（平均去除率42%）。10%羟丙基甲基纤维素醚的缓释除磷药片去除总磷效果最优,总磷平均去除率是89%。低能耗分散式污水处理成套装置除磷研究结果表明：进水总磷浓度对出水浓度影响较大,缓释除磷药片反应期间,总磷去除率稳定在57%左右（52%~69%）。适用于分散式生活污水的处理,同时当进水总磷浓度稳定在2 mg·L-1时,出水效果较好。     

生物膜与A/O工艺耦合快速降解氨氮

应用由城市污水处理厂序批式间歇反应器(SBR)中筛选得到的4株特殊氨氧化菌,分别在SBR和有回流的生物膜与A/O工艺耦合体系培养中,考察其降解低碳高氨氮废水的功能.结果表明,自养硝化与异养氨氧化菌的混合菌群较单一自养硝化菌株降解氨氮速率快;在生物膜与A/O工艺耦合系统中,自养硝化与异养氨氧化菌协同代谢加速氨氮氧化脱除,氨氮脱除速率远比SBR系统快.对生物膜与A/O工艺耦合系统中氨氮脱除动力学进行了研究,模拟了NH4 、NO2-质量浓度与氨氮脱除比速率之间的关系,模型得到了较好的验证.     

高铁酸钾-Fenton联合氧化法对菲的去除

针对焦化废水中多环芳烃（PAHs）难以被有效去除的问题,采用高铁酸钾氧化法与Fenton高级氧化法联用的新技术,选择PAHs中的一种典型有机物菲（PHE）作为研究对象,进行烧杯实验,研究高铁酸钾-Fenton联合氧化法去除菲的最佳反应条件以及反应动力学。结果表明,高铁酸钾-Fenton联合氧化法去除菲的最佳反应条件为：pH=5,K2FeO4反应时间t1=5 min,Fenton试剂反应时间t2=15 min,药品投加比例n（PHE）：n（K2FeO4）：n（H2O2）=1：2：2,n（H2O2）：n（FeSO4）=15：1,结合成本因素,K2FeO4投加比例可减少至2：1（n（PHE）：n（K2FeO4））。菲的去除速率符合一级反应动力学方程,其反应速率常数k=0.161 4。     

SO_2和NO_x对大气的污染及其净化处理

燃烧等带来的ＳＯ２、ＮＯｘ是酸雨的主要来源。当ＳＯ２排放量正逐渐得到控制时，ＮＯｘ却还在增长，因而应推广较成熟的选择催化还原（ＳＣＲ）除ＮＯｘ法和加强氧化气氛下烃类化合物还原ＮＯｘ的研究，也应该寻找比石灰石－石膏法更好的除ＳＯ２措施。除ＳＯ２，ＮＯｘ吸收－催化一体化净化方案正取得进展，还副产急需的硫酸，对我国尤为适用。     

单甲脒杀虫剂的污染生态效应与控制对策

扼要地介绍了我国９０年代农药污染现状及新型农药单甲脒杀虫剂在果园、棉田中的杀虫效果，评价了该杀虫剂对陆生和水生生态系统的影响，提出了农药污染的生态调控与对策。