Laboratory experiments on simultaneous removal of K and P from synthetic and real urine for nutrient recycle by crystallization of magnesium-potassium-phosphate-hexahydrate in a draft tube and baffle reactor

The simultaneous removal of K and P from urine for nutrient recycling by crystallization of magnesium potassium phosphate hexahydrate (MPP) in a laboratory-scale draft tube and baffle reactor (DTBR) is investigated. Results show that mixing speed and hydraulic retention time are important operating factors that influence crystallization and crystal settlement. Slurry should be discharged at a crystal retention time of 11 h to maintain fluidity in the reactor. Further applications of the DTBR using real urine (pretreated by ammonia stripping and diluted five times) showed that 76% K and 68% P were recycled to multi-nutrient products. The crystals collected were characterized and confirmed mainly as a mixture of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, MPP, and magnesium sodium phosphate heptahydrate. Results indicate that the DTBR effectively achieved the simultaneous recycling of K and P from urine to multi-nutrient products through MPP crystallization.     

偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂清洁生产评价模型

提出了针对不同工艺的偶氮二甲酰胺（ADC）发泡剂生产企业的清洁生产综合评价方案。利用逐层序关系分析法确定各指标的影响因子,采用极差标准化法对正逆向指标数据进行初步处理,使用主成分分析法对ADC发泡剂生产企业进行排名。该研究为ADC发泡剂清洁生产评价提供了一个更加客观和精确的方案。     

浆固碎石桩成桩注浆渗透影响分析

浆固碎石桩作为一种新型软土地基处理技术,其主要通过注浆改善桩体的加固效果,同时通过浆体渗透来改善桩周土体的物理力学性质,从而减小浆固碎石桩复合地基沉降。针对浆体对桩周土体的渗透作用,按照平面轴对称问题,推导出注浆渗透影响范围的计算方法和浆固区压缩模量计算公式,并通过室内模型试验研究,验证了浆固区压缩模量计算公式的正确性。随后,利用数值计算分析,对浆固区影响范围进行量化分析,并通过数值拟合得到了考虑注浆渗透影响的桩体等效半径计算公式。所得结果对工程设计具有重要的指导意义。     

污水厂出水回用于污泥焚烧烟气的净化

开展了污水处理厂出水回用于污泥焚烧烟气净化的实验研究。生化出水净化吸收污泥焚烧烟气的效果与气水比、进气浓度、进水pH、进水碱度和水温等因素有关。研究结果表明,气水比10∶1,进水pH为7条件下,生化出水能够有效吸收污泥焚烧烟气中的各种污染物质,出气中气体污染物低于《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》（GB18485-2001）的排放限值要求,吸收后出水各指标均低于《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）中污染物排放限值的要求。该工艺脱硫效率可达90%,具有系统简单可靠、以废治废、不产生二次污染等优点。     

Listeria monocytogenes batch culture growth response to metabolic inhibitors

In certain environments nutrient and energy sources available to microorganisms can be limited. Foodborne pathogens must efficiently adapt in order to be successfully transmitted through the food chain to their hosts. For the intracellular foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, little is known regarding its response to nutrient/energy-limiting conditions. The alternative stress responsive sigma factor σ^B has been reported to contribute to survival under specific stresses. Therefore, the effects of several metabolic inhibitors on growth of L. monocytogenes wild-type and a ΔsigB mutant were examined. In the absence of inhibitors, both strains reached stationary phase after 18 h at 23°C and 10 h at 37°C. All of the metabolic inhibitors slowed growth of either strain, with few differences observed among the different inhibitors.     

高锰酸钾生产废渣中的高价锰回收方法研究

高锰酸钾生产过程所产生的废渣中含有较多的高价态锰,导致锰资源的浪费和潜在的环境污染问题。采用葡萄糖-硫酸还原浸取法浸取高锰酸钾渣中的高价锰,实验探讨了葡萄糖用量、硫酸用量及浸取温度等因素对锰浸取率的影响,并研究了化学氧化法回收二价锰的工艺条件。结果表明,在葡萄糖与高锰酸钾渣质量比为0.3、硫酸物质的量与高锰酸钾渣质量之...     

我国废橡胶粉用于沥青改性的研究及应用

从道路建设与防水卷材制造两方面,描述了我国废橡胶粉在沥青改性用途中的研究及应用现状。大量国内试验及应用实例表明,与普通石油沥青相比,胶粉改性沥青的针入度、延度、软化点、温度敏感性、稳定性和抗老化性等性能均得到了改善。此外,较之其他种类的沥青改性剂,废橡胶粉成本低,具有环保与资源节约的优点,对我国循环经济的发展具有重要意义。     

ICP-AES连续氢化(还原)同时测定水、水生生物和沉积物样品中As、Sb、Bi和Hg

本文利用KBH_4的氢化(还原)作用,将酸性样品溶液中砷、锑、铋氢化和将汞离子还原为汞蒸气一同引入ICP(电感耦合等离子体)光源进行发射光谱测定,探讨了水、鱼、螺蚌类肉中As、Sb、Bi和Hg,沉积物样品中As、Sb和Bi的测定方法。As、Sb、Bi检出限为0.01ppm,Hg为0.001ppm。10次测定的RSD％A86.5、Sb6.8、Bi10.9、Hg3.6(5次)。进行多次加际回收试验和标准参考样的测定,得到了好的结果。该方法利用一套标准溶液同时适用于不同类样品的测定,具有简单、快速的特点,灵敏度能满足水环境监测(Ⅲ级地面水汞尚不足)的需要。     

动物粪便堆肥的养分淋溶特征模拟研究

通过室内土柱模拟实验,研究了自然条件下土壤施用不同量的动物粪便堆肥对氮、磷和钾的淋失的影响,结果表明:氮、磷和钾的淋出量都与堆肥用量呈正相关关系,总氮的淋出主要集中在土壤下层,随着施肥量的增加,淋出液总氮浓度最高达到300mg·l-1,可能对地下水造成污染,总磷主要聚集在土壤的上层,最高达到8.5mg·l-1,磷向下迁移较为缓慢,随淋溶次数的变化不显著.土柱上层渗滤液中钾的含量远大于下层,各施肥量处理都在前三次淋溶中随淋溶次数的增加而有一定程度减小,随后趋于稳定.     

Comparative study on the removal technologies of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) in drinking water

Removal of 2-methylisoborneol （MIB） in drinking water by ozone, powdered activated carbon （PAC）, potassium permanganate and potassium ferrate was investigated. The adsorption kinetics of MIB by both wood-based and coat-based PACs show that main removal of MIB occurs within contact time of 1 h. Compared with the wood-based PAC, the coat-based PAC evidently improved the removal efficiency of MIB. The removal percentage of trace MIB at any given time for a particular carbon dosage was irrelative to the initial concentration of MIB. A series of experiments were performed to determine the effect of pH on the ozonation of MIB. The results show that pH has a significant effect on the ozonation of MIB. It is conclusive that potassium permanganate and potassium ferrate are ineffective in removing the MIB in drinking water.