采用清洁燃料控制燃煤工业锅炉SO2污染--中国燃煤工业锅炉SO2污染综合防治对策(二)

研究了采用清洁燃料控制燃煤工业锅炉SO2的污染。研究表明，在有条件的地方及部门，首先要采用清洁燃料．这是控制燃煤工业锅炉SO2污染的最简便、最有效的措施。     

碘化钾碱性高锰酸钾法测定化学需氧量有关问题的释疑

最常见的化学需氧量(COD)的测定方法是铬酸钾法和高锰酸钾法。但用上述两种方法测定废水中COD时易受到氯离子的干扰。为此,提出了用“碘化钾碱性高锰酸钾法”消除氯离子干扰的机理。对碘化钾高锰酸钾法验证的结果表明,该方法适用于测定油气田和炼化企业高氯、低氯废水的COD。求出用碘化钾高锰酸钾法与铬酸钾法测定的COD比值,可将碘化钾碱性高锰酸钾测定法的CODOH.KI换算成铬酸钾法的CODCr值来衡量水体的有机物污染情况及判断废水是否达到排放标准。     

Combating interference by unauthorised persons

Under the new threat situation it is necessary to impede and if necessary detect ingress by unauthorised persons into the relevant establishment. It may be necessary to take additional measures to protect installations or parts thereof that are especially hazardous or at risk from terrorist attacks from interference by unauthorised persons.

It is the duty of the state to take precautionary and preventive measures to impede or prevent external terrorist attacks or entry by force into establishments. The necessary resources for this purpose must be made available even in times of limited budgets.

Since total protection can never be guaranteed, external emergency measures have a particularly important role to play. The competent authorities in this sector must receive the necessary information from the operators and must take the measures within their sphere of responsibility without delay.

Much of the information necessary for assessment of the risk situation by the operators and the authorities is already available under the provisions on the safety report and the external alarm and emergency plans according to European Seveso II Directive (96/82/EC).

It is recommended that a restriction of disclosure of information on the grounds of public safety should only be permitted for establishments/installations which are to be regarded as security-relevant on the basis of the hazard and the risk analysis.

The outline of the systematic approach of a security analysis like it is proposed in Germany is described separately.     

新颖复合叶轮倒伞表曝机及其应用

本文介绍了国产化高动力效率、低能耗的污水处理关键设备—复合叶轮倒伞型表面曝气机的技术性能及实际应用效果。     

Improvement in the feeding method to an inclined conveyor designed for the recycling of foundry sand

 The goal of the inclined conveyor method for particle shape separation is to process a large amount of feed material for recycling technology. The high feed rate has been achieved because the movement of particles is faster than for other previously introduced equipment. The separation performance of the apparatus was tested with foundry sand. A large amount of sand was treated, and various processing capacities were studied experimentally. The feed method was improved from point to line with wide troughs to process the higher feed rate. We succeeded in attaining a feed rate of 1.49 × 10⁻³ kg/s with a 0.3-m trough. The space filling, which was an important factor in deciding the capacity of the feed rate, was defined. This method is useful for any kind of line-feed method. Received: March 25, 2002 / Accepted: August 5, 2002     

湿法磷酸生产中磷石膏废渣制硫酸钾铵的中间试验研究

在湿法磷酸生产中要排出大量的磷石膏废渣 ,不仅要占用大量土地堆放而且污染环境。作者介绍了以磷石膏废渣作原料 ,生产硫酸钾铵的 3 0 0 0t a中间试验装置 ,包括磷石膏与碳酸铵复分解反应制备硫铵及硫铵与氯化钾复分解反应制取硫酸钾铵     

分段重铬酸钾法测定高氯离子废水COD方法研究

通过对高盐废水COD测定时氯离子干扰与氧化剂浓度的关系研究发现:氧化剂浓度对氯离子干扰程度有较大的影响。根据研究结果,提出了用分段重铬酸钾法测定高盐废水COD的设想,并对此设想进行了验证。验证结果表明:用分段重铬酸钾法测定高盐废水COD的设想是完全可行的;而且方法的准确度较好,相对误差<9%,实际废水加有机物的回收率>92%。     

预膜过滤技术在采油污水处理中的应用

详细介绍了新开发的FDF300型过滤工艺,并通过试验验证了自行研制的新型GM助剂在FDF型过滤器中应用的工艺条件,考察了助剂用量、型号、预膜时间以及空气反吹脱渣时间、反吹压力等因素对过滤效果的影响。结果表明,选用150gGM3助剂,预膜时间约20 min,空气反吹脱渣时间5 min,反吹压力0.35 MPa等工艺条件,可以获得理想的过滤效果,解决了长期困扰油田采油污水含油量和机械杂质不达标的难题。     

高氯离子废水中低COD简易分析方法研究

本试验采用重铬酸钾标准法对COD测定结果的影响程度与适用范围进行了探索,提出了用低浓度重铬酸钾氧化法测定含高氯根废水中低COD的方法,对其影响因素提出新的看法。试验结果表明:对影响测定结果的主要因素并不取决于Cl-浓度的高低,而取决于回流后剩余氧化剂量的多少,当剩余氧化剂量不超过46%时,对测定结果影响甚微。     

An Analytical Review of Environmental Justice Research: What Do We Really Know?

This article presents a review of major empirical research on environmental justice. Forty-two empirical research studies spanning three decades were evaluated and categorized on the basis of how well they meet reasonable scientific standards. Twelve of those studies are described and critiqued in detail, and an overview of trends in the literature is presented. The author concludes that the empirical foundations of environmental justice are so underdeveloped that little can be said with scientific authority regarding the existence of geographical patterns of disproportionate distributions and their health effects on minority, low-income, and other disadvantaged communities. If environmental managers and policy-makers do not recognize the high levels of empirical uncertainty surrounding the issue, they are apt to attribute an empirically unwarranted level of concreteness to the empirical research findings, thus leading to poorly conceptualized and therefore potentially harmful policy and management decisions.