空气净化器去除颗粒污染物的试验性能研究

便携式空气净化设备已经广泛应用于建筑物颗粒污染物的去除,然而大部分空气净化器名义过滤效率很高,实际净化效果却不太理想,针对造成二者差异的主要原因进行了试验研究,为空气净化器的优化提供理论依据。建立了一个标准实验室,利用推荐的香烟尘作为测试气溶胶对市场上存在的5种主流空气净化器的单通净化效率及实际房间的净化效率进行试验比较,并利用Lighthouse 2016激光粒子计数器及Dustrak 8530气溶胶采样仪分别对空气净化器净化悬浮粒子的计数效率(粒径≥0.3μm)及计重效率(PM_(2.5))进行了测量。通过理论分析发现,空气净化器的安装气密性及室内气流组织形式是影响空气净化器净化效果的2个主要因素。结果表明,过滤器安装气密性对粒径≥0.3μm颗粒物及PM_(2.5)净化效果的影响程度分别超过了8%和2%,室内气流组织形式对粒径≥0.3μm颗粒物及PM_(2.5)净化效果的影响程度约为30%和20%,二者对小颗粒物净化效果的影响程度均超过了大颗粒物。研究表明,室内气流组织形式对空气净化器净化效果的影响程度要高于安装气密性。     

基于战略投送策略的电磁频谱保障技术研究

实践表明,在投送的过程中谁能有效地对交通线进行控制与使用,谁的胜数就大,反之就会陷入被动的局面。袭击、封锁和破坏我方交通运输是客观存在的。而适时展开整体防卫,统一使用军地防空力量实行一体化区域防空,加强电磁频谱装备建设和技术安全保障,加强主要投送装备的自卫火力和电子对抗系统,就能使投送力量具有一定的防护能力,从而提高投送装备安全保障的水平。     

空气净化器去除细粒子性能实验研究

对空气净化器去除细粒子的性能进行实验研究。结果表明,不同粒径区间颗粒物的洁净空气量(CADR)相差很大;降低空气净化器的运行风量,0.3~0.5μm颗粒物一次通过效率减小,0.5~3μm颗粒物一次通过效率不变;延长测试时间会对不同粒径区间颗粒物洁净空气量的测量结果产生不同影响。     

QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF SEDIMENT DELIVERY RATIOS1

Ability to adequately estimate sediment yield is an important step in dealing effectively with soil erosion problems. Predictions of sediment yield made using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) with different forms of sediment delivery ratio (SDR) are compared with those made by Modified USLE (MUSLE) and a fundamentally derived Erosion-Deposition Model (EDM). The USLE and USLE with SDR are poor predictors of sediment yield for individual storms compared to the MUSLE and EDM. Although MUSLE gave better results than USLE it showed somewhat more scatter of data points than the recently developed EDM.     

Ground‐Water Response to Forest Harvest: Implications for Hillslope Stability1

Abstract: Timber harvest may contribute to increased landsliding frequency through increased soil saturation or loss of soil strength as roots decay. This study assessed the effects of forest harvest on hillslope hydrology and linked hydrologic change before and after harvest with a simple model of hillslope stability. Observations of peak water table heights in 56 ground‐water monitoring wells showed that soil saturation levels on hillslopes differed significantly with harvest intensity at one of the two study locations following 25%, 75%, and 100% harvest. Before the forest was cut 100%, the average rainfall needed for 50% saturation of the soil was 54 mm, but after clearcutting soils reached an equivalent saturation with 61% less rainfall (21 mm). Hillslope stability model results indicate that shallow soils at both study locations, with slopes generally < 30° (58%), were not steep enough to be affected significantly by observed increases in saturation. The stability model indicates that with 100% harvest, there is a 7% reduction in the factor of safety for slope gradients of 35° (70%) with soil depths of 1.25 m. Forest managers may be aided by an understanding that variable hydrologic effects may result from similar forest harvests having different landscape position, land contributing area, and soil depths.     

强电场介质装置对实际环境PM2.5的净化效果

针对室内环境PM_(2.5)污染问题,设计了一台空气净化器,以强电场介质(Intense Field Dielectric,IFD)装置作为其核心过滤元件。在上海某办公室,以香烟烟雾为PM_(2.5)发生源,测试了净化器的一次过滤效率、风量、能耗、臭氧发生量,以及不同档位运行工况下室内PM_(2.5)质量浓度衰减情况和换气次数,并计算了各档位的洁净空气量(Clean Air Delivery Rate,CADR)和净化效能。结果表明,IFD装置能够有效净化实际环境中的高浓度PM_(2.5),其臭氧发生量符合环境要求。空气净化器在2档运行时,CADR和净化效能均较大。     

Adaptation of a four-arm olfactometer for behavioural bioassays of large beetles

Summary. We adapted a four-arm olfactometer (55 × 55 × 5.5 cm) for bioassays of large insects and its usefulness was evaluated by testing the responses of three beetles, the palm weevil Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidea) and two Dynast scarabs Strategus aloeus (L.) and Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to plant odours and aggregation pheromones. This olfactometer was coupled to a volatile delivery system dispensing highly volatile semiochemicals at constant concentrations. We materialized airflows in the olfactometer by discolouring sensitive papers with acid vapours under various conditions (air straighten by stainless steel grids in inputs and output, 500 ml/min per arm) to visualize air turbulence and to test air-tightness. The volatile delivery system can be used to mix and dispense a broad range of concentrations of semiochemicals in air from diluted aqueous solutions. It was calibrated by measuring the release of the pheromone using solid phase-microextraction (SPME). Dose-response curves to synthetic pheromone were obtained for O. rhinoceros of both sexes. Coupling the volatile delivery system to the fourarm olfactometer provided a system with which the responses of R. palmarum and S. aloeus to their synthetic aggregation pheromones and to natural plant volatiles could be readily observed and studied.