贵州黔南州高层建筑消防安全调研与防火策略

对贵州省黔南州145栋现有高层建筑消防设施、消防装备、市政供水能力、居民的防火意识、自救能力等相关消防安全问题进行调查,将存在的问题进行了归类总结。结果显示黔南州高层建筑消防设施完好的只占总调查高层建筑的33.1%,大部分高层建筑存在不同程度的消防安全隐患,消防设备有待完善,居民的防火意识有待提高,黔南州高层建筑消防安全形势不容乐观,本文针对存在消防安全隐患的问题进行了分析,并提出了高层建筑防火策略。     

我国尘肺防治的研究进展与展望

生产性粉尘是我国作业场所最普遍且严重威胁劳动者健康的职业有害因素,接触生产性粉尘引发的尘肺病是我国发病最高的职业病。为控制尘肺病的发生,以《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》为依据,我国已经进行了大量配套职业卫生标准的研制工作,同时,在生产粉尘健康危害评价、接尘人群的健康监护和呼吸防护用品研制方面开展了大量科研工作。要达到国际劳工组织和世界卫生组织提出的2030年消除矽肺病目标,我们的尘肺防治工作任重道远。     

Validating an evidence-based, self-rated fall risk questionnaire (FRQ) for older adults

Background

Falls are a common, serious, and often unrecognized problem facing older adults. The objective of this study was to provide an initial clinical and statistical validation for a public health strategy of fall risk self-assessment by older adults using a Fall Risk Questionnaire (FRQ).

Methods

Adults age 65 + (n = 40) were recruited at a Los Angeles Veterans Affairs (VA) medical facility and at a local assisted living facility. Participants completed the FRQ self-assessment and results were compared to a “gold standard” of a clinical evaluation of risks using the American/British Geriatrics Society guidelines to assess independent predictors of falls: history of previous falls, fear of falling, gait/balance, muscle weakness, incontinence, sensation and proprioception, depression, vision, and medications. For the comparison, we used an iterative statistical approach, weighing items based on relative risk.

Results

There was strong agreement between the FRQ and clinical evaluation (kappa = .875, p < .0001). Individual item kappa values ranged from .305-.832. After dropping one FRQ item (vision risk) because of inadequate agreement with the clinical evaluation (kappa = .139, p = .321), the final FRQ had good concurrent validity.

Conclusions

The FRQ goes beyond existing screening tools in that it is based on both evidence and clinical acceptability and has been initially validated with clinical examination data. A larger validation with longitudinal follow-up should determine the actual strength of the FRQ in predicting future falls.     

绿色化学浅议

绿色化学是更高层次的化学，其产生是为了避免或减少化学过程对人类健康和环境造成的危害，由此出现的技术是环境友好的技术。绿色化学的发展能节省资源、减少环境污染，并将成为可持续发展战略的核心内容之一。     

机动车污染防治政策研究

机动车污染已成为城市大气污染的主要污染源之一。并且机动车的噪声污染及废旧汽车的废物污染也越来越严重。中国已初步建立了以《大气污染防治法》为主干，以《环境噪声污染防治法》为辅助的机动车污染防治法规体系，但在管理思想及管理手段和管理环节上仍需进一步完善。     

电厂噪声的监测与防治

噪声是环境污染的一个重要方面,它危害人体健康.电厂噪声也不容忽视,本文将对电厂噪声的监测和防治作一简要说明.根据规定,火电厂环境监测的监测项目为厂区、生活区环境噪声,在接近发电负荷时每年监测一次.监测时,在电厂总平面图上,将厂区生活区划分为等距离的网格.监测噪声的基本仪器是声级计.电厂噪声的防治措施有:在设计中充分考虑噪声的控制问题;加装消声设备;集中控制关键设备及位置的噪声;选择优质吸音与隔音材料;合理布置并增大绿化面积等.     

Ecoprofit-Styria-prepare Thirteen pollution prevention case studies in the Styrian industry

The paper focuses upon the organization of a federal state-funded pollution prevention project in the Styrian industry. The project includes 13 companies from the textile, pulp and paper, machine building, wood working and printed circuit board manufacturing industries, covering most of the sectors and sizes in the Styrian industry. It started in January 1994 and will last for one year. It will demonstrate the possibilities of pollution prevention and the need for further research work. This project will make use of the methods and tools that were refined in the Austrian Prepare project. As a first step, a systematic balance of all the inputs and outputs of a company is made, after which the weak points and inefficiencies of material and energy use are identified and the options for improvements, both economical and ecological, are defined. Consequently, modifications in products and production lead to a situation with less waste and emissions. The preliminary lessons from these projects are presented: as a rule, the utilities (consumption of process materials and water, cleaning, energy, preparatory and finishing steps) are treated as black boxes and usually represent a considerable optimization potential. In these areas especially there is usually a lack of information and coordination as well as a need for a systematic and comprehensive approach. Leadership in the company and creative consultants are needed for starting lasting successful pollution prevention projects.     

内蒙古湖泊水资源及主要环境问题

本文从内蒙古自治区湖泊分布及成因入手，分析了内蒙古湖泊水资源现状及主要环境问题。文中剖析了内蒙古的主要典型湖泊，特别是淡水湖如：呼伦湖、乌染素海、居延海等历史及现状，提出了内蒙古湖泊环境目前的主要问题为：１、湖泊受自然环境影响极大，生态环境极度脆弱。２、湖泊水源补给量减少，湖泊萎缩甚至干涸。３、农牧业活动污染是内蒙古湖泊的污染的主要原因。４、湖泊的泥沙淤积。５、湖泊的管理薄弱。本文针对内蒙古湖泊主     

SO2和氟化物对农作物的危害的鉴别与防治

SO2 和氟化物对农作物的危害可通过症状、镜检和受害叶片的化学分析来鉴别 ,并从风向、与污染源距离、障碍物和叶片成熟程度几方面与作物病虫等影响因素相区别。排放浓度、接触时和作物本身抗性是影响危害程度的主要因素。应从治理污染、选种抗性强树木、避开作物敏感生育期、合理种植、加强施肥等方面采取措施加以防治     

我国重金属防治与土壤修复行业2013年发展综述

综述了2013年我国重金属防治与土壤修复行业的发展环境、行业的技术发展进展,分析了我国重金属防治与土壤修复的市场规模和市场潜力,针对行业发展中存在的主要问题,提出了解决对策和建议,并对行业的发展进行了展望。