天津市水资源供求平衡战略

天津市国土规划提出了2030年经济社会发展目标,水资源的极度匮乏已成为制约天津经济增长的主要瓶颈。在传统开源节流措施的基础上,针对天津市水资源供需矛盾和分配不合理两大问题,提出了水资源供求平衡的市场化战略和需求整合战略,并对可行的政府行为进行了探讨。     

燃煤价格对电厂盈亏影响的数据模型研究

深入分析火力发电厂运行成本的影响因子,包括运行时间、燃料价格、折旧和摊销、销售税金附加等.针对财务不确定性,基于年运行时间的BEp指标模型,剖析影响盈亏平衡的数学和财务原理,着重推导并建立基于燃煤价格变动的BEP指标模型,阐述燃煤价格向上浮动的极限值.组合使用两个BEp指标模型,形象表示指标图形的几何意义,为项目投资决策提供必要的依据,满足当前“厂网分营,竞价上网”的发展趋势.     

排污权交易基准价定价机制探讨

构建科学合理的基准价定价机制是推动排污权交易的基础性工作,本文以政策、管理、技术三个方面作为立足点,探讨了基准价定价机制,构建了工作框架。研究认为现阶段基准价定价采取成本定价法是合适的,并对基准价定价技术难点进行了剖析,提出了建议。     

PCA-SVR在煤层瓦斯含量预测中的应用

针对煤层瓦斯含量与其影响因素之间存在着复杂的非线性关系,建立了基于主成分分析和支持向量回归机的煤层瓦斯含量预测模型。该模型有效地解决了小样本、非线性预测的问题,并发挥了主成分分析法消除输入变量间相关性的优点,减少了输入变量个数,提高了预测精度和收敛速度。通过实证分析,该模型的预测精度高,能够直接用于煤矿现场预测煤层瓦斯含量。     

Estimation of daily sunshine duration using support vector machines

Although sunshine duration (SD) is one of the most frequently measured meteorological parameters, there is a lack of measurements in some parts of the world. Hence, it should be estimated accurately for areas where no reliable measurement is possible. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of support vector machine (SVM) approach for estimating daily SD. For this purpose, three different kernels of SVM, such as linear, polynomial, and radial basis function (RBF), were used. Different combinations of five related meteorological parameters, namely cloud cover, maximum temperature (T_max), minimum temperature (T_min), relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (WS), and one astronomic parameter, day length, were considered as the inputs of the models, and the output was obtained as daily SD. Simulated values of the models were compared with ground measured values, and concluded that the usage of the SVM-RBF estimator with combination of all input attributes produced the best results. The coefficient of determination, root mean square error, and mean absolute error were found to be 0.8435, 1.5105 h, and 1.0771 h, respectively, for the pooled four-year daily data set of 14 stations in Turkey. It was also deduced that accuracy increased as the number of attributes increased and the major contribution to this came from RH as compared with T_max, T_min, and WS. This study has shown that the SVM methodology can be a good alternative for conventional and artificial neural network methods for estimating daily SD.     

支持向量机在环境空气质量评价中的应用

环境质量评价是环境科学的重要组成部分。建立环境空气质量评价的支持向量机模型,并用实例进行验证,评价结果与实际情况及其它方法相吻合,表明支持向量机在环境空气质量评价中的可行性和有效性。     

基于住房价格的通勤碳排放空间分异——以济南市为例

住房价格能够影响居民的居住决策,进而影响其通勤碳排放。为研究住房价格与通勤碳排放的内在关系,构建住房价格影响个体通勤碳排放的理论模型,并利用“个体—街道”两水平线性模型,对济南市居民出行调查数据进行实证检验。研究发现：（1）通勤碳排放呈现出“中心低碳化、外围高碳化”,且外围趋于分化的空间格局。（2）住房价格通过虹吸效应影响居民的碳排放。具体表现为住房价格与碳排放负相关,外围低房价吸引居住者,而居住者的远程机动通勤导致外围高值碳排放;但住房价格的边际增碳程度随着远离市中心而先缓（距市中心 5 km）后增（距市中心5 km及以上）。（3）外围工资收入对虹吸效应起调节作用。工资水平较高的外围区域有利于实现职住平衡,抑制了虹吸效应,进而分化为碳排放的冷点区,工资水平较低的外围区域则分化为碳排放的热点区。研究认为,应通过多中心空间发展战略、提高居民的就业可达性、优化针对公租房的公共交通供给等措施,引导居民低碳通勤。     

居民用水阶梯式水价及其节水效果测算模型研究

居民用水阶梯式水价是近年来水价改革和研究的热点,现有文献主要集中在对阶梯式水价的优缺点、可行性和对策建议进行探讨,而对阶梯式水价模型参数估计方法和模拟测算阶梯式水价节水效果的研究不多。结合居民用水阶梯式水价的定价原则和目标要求,研究了居民用水三阶式阶梯水价模型及其参数估计方法,基于扩展线性支出系统理论建立了模拟测算阶梯式水价节水效果的模型;以广州市番禺区为例,假设该区2009 年实施居民用水三阶式阶梯水价,利用建立的模型模拟测算了该区实施三阶式阶梯水价所能产生的节水效果。研究结果表明:三阶式阶梯水价模式下,2009 年番禺区居民年人均可节约用水15.46 m³,年人均用水量理论上可下降16.87%。     

城市间大气污染相互影响的VAR模型分析

基于以往研究多采用大气数值模式分析污染物在不同城市之间的输送规律及内外源的贡献率,现从时间序列角度引入一个新方法,应用向量自回归模型的格兰杰因果关系检验、脉冲响应函数及方差分解技术,对广州、佛山、肇庆2003-2012年逐日空气污染指数进行模拟演算,得到城市间大气污染相互影响效应及其贡献。结果表明,广佛地区污染源对肇庆空气质量影响突出,肇庆并未成为广州和佛山的主要污染源。城市间大气污染相互影响存在明显的滞后效应,前7期累积作用较明显,污染物的累积效应容易导致区域性灰霾天气出现。佛山对广州的污染贡献达到了10.9%,广州对佛山的污染贡献相对偏小,佛山对肇庆的污染贡献接近30%,广佛肇经济圈应形成区域性大气污染联防联治机制。     

Fuzzy pricing for urban water resources: model construction and application

A rational water price system plays a crucial role in the optimal allocation of water resources. In this paper, a fuzzy pricing model for urban water resources is presented, which consists of a multi-criteria fuzzy evaluation model and a water resources price (WRP) computation model. Various factors affecting WRP are comprehensively evaluated with multiple levels and objectives in the multi-criteria fuzzy evaluation model, while the price vectors of water resources are constructed in the WRP computation model according to the definition of the bearing water price index, and then WRP is calculated. With the incorporation of an operator's knowledge, it considers iterative weights and subjective preference of operators for weight-assessment. The weights determined are more rational and the evaluation results are more realistic. Particularly, dual water supply is considered in the study. Different prices being fixed for water resources with different qualities conforms to the law of water resources value (WRV) itself. A high-quality groundwater price computation model is also proposed to provide optimal water allocation and to meet higher living standards. The developed model is applied in Jinan for evaluating its validity. The method presented in this paper offers some new directions in the research of WRP.