黑龙江二克山及其邻区富钾火山岩系的地球化学探讨

基于12个微量元素、10个稀土元素和24个同位素分析结果,作者认为本区钾质火山岩系中超基性岩和极大多数基性岩有接近原生岩浆的成分,岩浆都是地幔岩石低程度部分熔融形成的,其源岩成分为受流体交代的金云母石榴石二辉橄榄岩。综地球化学、地球物理及地质三方面资料分析,论证本区火山活动的构造背景是大陆裂谷。     

化工园区定量风险评价中危险源初选方法的研究

在进行化工园区定量风险评价中,危险源的梳理和筛选是首要步骤。分析了欧盟ARAMIS方法、荷兰PURPLE BOOK方法和新西兰的HFSP方法在危险源初选中的适用性,指出对于区域危险源初选用HFSP方法可以全面考虑区域中的各类危险源,快速准确地对危险源进行排序,并提出了HFSP方法用于区域危险源初选的调整方法,给出了危险设施单元的定义和进行QRA的选择判据。     

加强安全生产基层基础工作的调查与思考

本文从安全生产基层基础工作入手,以湖北省为例,从安全监管机构设置不规范不健全、基层安全监管力量十分薄弱、安全投入和监管装备严重不足、基层安全监管队伍不稳定、安全生产政策法规体系不完善、安全生产工作机制不健全等六个方面分析了安全生产基层基础建设存在的突出问题。在此基础上,提出了实施"三三五五四"工程的建议,即:全面落实三个责任(企业主体责任、党委政府组织领导责任、相关部门职责);大力加强三项基本建设(基层安全监管机构建设、安全监管执法人员能力建设、安全监管基础设施及基本装备建设);进一步夯实五个基础(安全生产源头监管、企业安全生产标准化建设、安全生产隐患排查治理、职业病危害防治、基层安全生产网格化管理工程);建立健全五项激励约束机制(企业安全生产信用挂钩联动机制、安全生产激励机制、安全监管执法岗位特殊津贴制度、企业安全生产绩效工资制度、安全生产行政问责制);建立健全四个保障体系(投入保障体系、法制保障体系、宣教保障体系、科技支撑体系)。     

中国陆地植被生态系统生产有机物质价值遥感估算

可持续发展的战略要求推进生态资产研究,对生态系统生产有机物质功能价值的估算则是生态资产评估的重要组成部分。利用改进的CASA模型对中国陆地生态系统1995年NPP进行了估算,它与实测数据和国内其他研究成果的比较验证证明了该方法的可靠性;进而对1995年全国陆地生态系统生产有机物质的价值进行了估算,结果表明,1995年中国陆地生态系统净第一性生产力生产有机物质的总价值为1.902049×1012元.a-1,其空间分布是从东部向西北递减、由中部向东北和南部递增;从类型上看,常绿阔叶林的单位面积值最高,裸地和极稀疏植被的单位面积值最低。     

Environmental health in minority and other underserved populations: Benign methods for identifying lead hazards at day care centres of New Orleans

This study tests the hypothesis that exterior sources of lead dust are more important than interior sources in the route of exposure of children. Benign field methods were used to distinguish between potential and actual lead exposure problems. Utilising hand wipe and surface wipe techniques, hand and environmental samples were obtained from selected day care centres at different locations within New Orleans. Previous research has shown that soil lead is determined by location within the city. Private and public day care centres were selected from inner and outer city areas to estimate the extent of hand lead exposure. To measure and identify the extent of environmental lead exposure, hand wipes were taken before and after playing outdoors. Results of preliminary findings show that outdoor lead dust is a more potent contaminant of hands than indoor lead dust. An association was found between the amount of lead on children's hands after playing outdoors and the lead content in the exterior dust and soil. Although two girls out of forty children had exceptionally high hand lead quantities after playing outdoors, in general, boys have higher hand lead levels than girls. The private inner-city day care centre had a severe contamination problem in its outdoor play area. By contrast, the outdoor play area of the public inner city day care centre is of such a high quality that the quantity of lead dust is independent of location in the city.     

中小城市污水化学强化一级处理分析

在中小城市污水处理特点的基础上，分析了适宜中小城市污水处理的投融资方式，化学强化一级处理的工艺方法、效果及存在的问题。     

各种影响因子对电解法预处理医药废水的影响研究

探讨了电解法预处理医药废水时停留时间、电解电压、废水初始浓度、温度和废水pH值等影响因子对去除色度、COD和提高废水可生化性等处理效果的影响，并考察了其应用于工业实际废水处理的可行性。实验结果表明：电解法更适合高浓度医药废水的处理，色度的去除率可达到90％以上；电解时间宜控制在40-60min；电解电压越高，废水COD和色度去除效果越好；在实验温度范围内，温度对色度和COD去除率的影响不大；废水pH值为7．5时电解效果最佳，工程运用宜控制在6—9之间。     

Assessment of patients' medical fitness to drive by primary care physicians: A cross-sectional study

Objectives: Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are a significant health burden in Saudi Arabia. The literature has consistently indicated that chronic medical conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke, obstructive sleep apnea, and neurodevelopmental disorders, increase the risk of MVCs. Therefore, assessment of driver fitness by primary care physicians (PCPs) remains a major health intervention that might reduce MVCs. We studied the practices of PCPs in assessing medical fitness to drive in at-risk patients.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of all 88 government-funded primary care centers in the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We administered a self-reported questionnaire to PCPs that inquired about their driving risk assessment for specific medical conditions.

Results: Among all PCPs and centers, 189 PCPs (63%) from 74 centers (84%) participated in our survey. The mean age of the PCPs was 40 ± 10 years, and 108 (57%) were men. The average clinical experience of the group was 13 ± 9 years. Fewer than half of PCPs considered diabetes mellitus (45%) and obstructive sleep apnea (46%) as potential risks for MVCs. Approximately 45% of PCPs did not notify any authority or relatives of potential driving issues that they noticed in their patients. Only 15% of the participants believed that PCPs were responsible for alerting authorities about their fitness to drive.

Conclusions: PCPs did not adequately assess their patients' driving history and eligibility. Efforts are needed to improve awareness among PCPs regarding the effects of chronic medical conditions on driving.     

化学强化一级处理-人工湿地处理生活污水效果

为解决传统的污水二级生化处理工艺运行成本较高问题并满足日趋增长的小城镇污水处理实际需要,开展了粉煤灰基混凝剂化学强化一级处理—潜流式人工湿地(CEPT-SFCW)系统处理生活污水的实验研究。结果表明,在人工湿地负荷率为0.05～0.1m3/(m·2d)的条件下,CEPT-SFCW系统对COD的去除率>85%。同时,CEPT-SFCW系统对总磷的去除率很高,虽然在进水含磷量低时人工湿地会发生磷释放的现象,出水中磷浓度仍可达到GB8978-1996中的二级排放标准。该系统对氨氮去除效率较低,最高可达到10%,去除效果与植物的生长状态有关。     

Predictors of health care provider anticipatory guidance provision for older drivers

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of health care provider (HCP) driving safety/cessation-related anticipatory guidance provision and predictors of driving safety-related anticipatory guidance provision by HCPs.

Methods: HCPs in several central/upper Midwest states were surveyed about frequency of anticipatory guidance provision (n = 265).

Results: More than half of HCPs stated that they frequently or always provide driving safety/cessation-related anticipatory guidance to patients aged 85 or older, 38.7% provided this guidance to patients aged 75 to 84, and 13.7% to patients aged 65 to 74. Predictors of driving safety/cessation-related anticipatory guidance provision differed by patient age. For patients aged 65–74, HCP personal experience with a motor vehicle crash (either the HCP themselves or a friend/family member) was significant in predicting anticipatory guidance provision. However, for patients aged 75 and older, significant predictors included HCP rural practice, HCP age, and percentage of HCP patients who were older adults.

Conclusion: HCP counseling provision related to driving issues differs by patient age and several HCP characteristics, including HCP rurality, age, and personal experience with motor vehicle crashes. Because aging results in physical and mental changes that affect driving and can be identified by HCPs, HCPs are in a position to counsel patients on the potential impacts of aging on the act of driving. Future research should examine the reasons for the differences in anticipatory guidance provision found in this study.