垃圾焚烧过程中NO_x排放控制研究进展

NOx是垃圾焚烧发电的主要大气污染物之一。影响NOx生成及排放的因素很多,主要是由于垃圾成分复杂、燃烧环境恶劣、选用的焚烧炉不同等;要有效的控制NOx的排放量,就必须对这些影响因素加以充分考虑,使这些影响因素降到最低。目前国内外专家,对垃圾焚烧发电NOx排放控制做了一些研究,主要是通过试验方法和模拟方法,为商业应用做基础性研究。     

通过测量氡的放射性来监测大气稳定度的新方法

介绍了一种通过测量氡和其短周期衰变产物的自然放射性来监测大气稳定度的新方法,该指标反映了低层大气边界层的混合特性,能够反映一次污染物的稀释扩散特征.将这种方法测量的大气稳定度与通用的帕斯奎尔分类法计算的稳定度进行对比,该方法不仅能准确反映大气稳定度长期趋势和昼夜变化,还能反映大气稳定度的瞬时变化,是解析环境污染数据,特别是一次污染物的有利工具.2007年在兰州市的观测结果显示PM10与大气稳定度的观测数值有很好的一致性趋势,表明低层大气的混合特性是决定一次污染物浓度的关键因素.     

腐殖酸絮凝体形成过程中初期搅拌条件对其形态结构的影响

以腐殖酸为研究对象,采用硫酸铝为混凝剂进行混凝杯罐实验,借助PDA在线监测系统、图像解析法及粒子图像测速技术分析评价絮凝体的构造特征,着重探讨了混凝过程中初期快速搅拌条件对絮凝体形态结构的影响.结果表明,快速搅拌条件对腐殖酸絮凝体的形成过程及形态结构有着显著影响.最佳快速搅拌条件为:搅拌历时l min,搅拌强度300 r·min-,此时形成的絮凝体结构密实,抗剪切能力强,整体性能最优,絮凝体分形维数、强度及平均粒径分别为1.8842、0.164 N·m-2、0.43 mm.腐殖酸絮凝体的形成包括不溶性微粒的产生及初期颗粒的形成与结合等过程,其中,不溶性微粒的形成及初期颗粒的致密化过程是决定最终絮凝体形态构造的重要环节,而快速搅拌条件影响着混凝剂扩散混合效果和初期颗粒的形成速率与致密化程度,这也是初期快速搅拌条件对于腐殖酸混凝过程有显著影响的一个重要因素.     

聚合氯化铁铝应用于城市污水一级处理试验研究

以济南市水质净化一厂初沉池进水为试验水样,在设定的反应条件下,以浊度、COD、TP、TN、NH3-N等为测定指标,做了大量的烧杯搅拌试验,综合分析了聚合氯化铁铝(PFAC)的处理效果。试验结果显示其最佳投药量为25mg/L左右,去除率浊度在90%以上、COD70%～90%、TP70%～95%左右、TN、NH3-N分别在30%和15%左右。     

Fuelling an Environmental Conflict through Information Diffusion Strategies

When an environmental conflict occurs, the information people have access to play a crucial role in how the conflict develops. Through a case study of an ongoing conflict related to a highly contested wind farm in Québec (Canada), this paper focuses on how the news of the project was announced by the developer and on how it was then diffused by different involved actors. It aims to answer the following questions: who is informed, when are these people informed, and how does it impact the unfolding conflict? Field observation and in-depth interviews with 93 individuals involved in the public hearing process were conducted. An important part of the analysis was made using social network analysis to reconstruct diffusion of the news of the project among the sample over a 5-year period. The main findings showed that the developer made strategic choices regarding information diffusion (confidentiality, exclusion of some actors—especially the citizens, rumors, etc.) that spurred on opposition in the latest stage of development of the project. The population's awareness was slow to grow, mainly because the news of the project was slow to spread in the community.     

Effects of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Astacus astacus</Emphasis> L. Population on Biomass of Macrophytes in a Fresh Water Body

In experiments performed in aquariums, the daily consumption of Chara vulgaris alga by crayfish (Astacus astacus L.) has been determined. These quantitative data have been used to make a prognosis of the effect of the A. astacus population on the biomass of macrophytes in Lake Berezovo (Pskov oblast). The density of the crayfish population and the biomass of higher aquatic vegetation in the lake have been determined in field studies. Extrapolation of the results of laboratory experiments to a natural water body has shown that crayfish are capable of controlling no less than 40% of submersed macrophytes in the area used by their population.__________Translated from Ekologiya, No. 4, 2005, pp. 300–305.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Kholodkevich, Shumilova, Fedotov, Zhuravlev.     

臭氧对南京市环境空气质量的影响研究

作者选取了2015年南京市国控空气自动监测站点的臭氧监测数据,通过不同角度分析,探讨了臭氧对南京市环境空气质量的影响.研究表明:南京市O3-8第90百分位数全年平均为171μg/m3,超出标准限值0.07倍;其中夏季数值最高,春末和秋初次之,冬季最低;南京O3逐时日变化呈明显"单峰型"特征,且不同季节曲线趋势基本一致,夏季、春季和秋季小时样本数均有超标,冬季全部达标;南京市全年O3-8超标率13.7%,O3是仅次于PM2.5的影响南京市环境空气质量的首要污染物,夏季尤为明显.     

我国基层环境监测分析能力的思考

面对基层环境监测应急能力有限、数据处理自动化水平低、自动监控设备不全、人员素质有待提高的问题，提出应通过人才培养、增加投资、搞好自动化建设、重视标准技术规范和质量保证体系的建设等手段有效提高基层环境监测分析能力。     

Observation and simulation of net primary productivity in Qilian Mountain, western China

We modeled net primary productivity (NPP) at high spatial resolution using an advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) image of a Qilian Mountain study area using the boreal ecosystem productivity simulator (BEPS). Two key driving variables of the model, leaf area index (LAI) and land cover type, were derived from ASTER and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Other spatially explicit inputs included daily meteorological data (radiation, precipitation, temperature, humidity), available soil water holding capacity (AWC), and forest biomass. NPP was estimated for coniferous forests and other land cover types in the study area. The result showed that NPP of coniferous forests in the study area was about 4.4 tCha(-1)y(-1). The correlation coefficient between the modeled NPP and ground measurements was 0.84, with a mean relative error of about 13.9%.