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911.
城市化与北京增温的协整分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
城市增温现象和城市热岛效应对人居环境的影响日益显著,而城市化是否是城市增温现象的一个主要影响因素,为此。利用协整分析等经济计量方法研究城市化对城市增温现象的影响。协整分析是近年来计量经济学发展的最新成果,能够揭示变量之间存在着的长期均衡变动关系。分析发现,城市化因子与城市气候因子之间存在着协整关系。长期看北京市的年平均最低温度与人口密度基本上处于同步增长状态;短期内城市气温的变动受人口和城市化因素的影响较大。为此可知,北京市70年代以来,城市气温的升高基本上与城市化的发展相一致。二者具有长期协同变动的均衡关系。这些发现对我们制定减缓城市热岛效应的城市规划以及合理人口规模的城市发展战略都有很大的帮助。 相似文献
912.
Potential synergistic interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a household sewage sludge compost extract were investigated using the Dioxin-Responsive Chemical-Activated Luciferase gene eXpression (DR-CALUX) assay and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) fractionation. The biological activity of the crude extract was measured in vitro using the CALUX assay. The CALUX activity of the extract was as potent as 360-pg CALUX-TEQ (2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent value) per g sample, this was 70 times above the WHO-TEQ value which was derived from chemical analyses of dioxins/furans and dioxin-like PCBs of the mixture. The CALUX activity pattern of the crude extract and the retention times of 26 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), as determined by RP-HPLC on an octadecylsilica column, suggested that the dioxin-like compounds with the log K(OW) (n-octanol/water partition coefficient) values corresponding to 6.0-7.0 contributed highly to the whole activity. The CALUX activity of the crude extract was three times the sum of the CALUX activities of the RP-HPLC separated fractions. Mixture effects were assessed by co-exposure of each HPLC fraction and 2,3,7,8-TCDD to the cells. The four concentration levels of added 2,3,7,8-TCDD corresponded to the TEQ value in the original compost sample. The experimental CALUX activity was higher than the predicted CALUX activity for some fractions. It was demonstrated that some compounds in the compost sample interacted synergistically with 2,3,7,8-TCDD in terms of dioxin-like activity. This finding points out the necessity for detailed investigation of synergistic effects in environmental samples. 相似文献
913.
建立了某动力公司600m^3易燃易爆湿式氢气贮柜燃烧爆炸事故的6种模型,给出边界条件和计算过程,提出爆炸事故伤害效应预测指标。进行燃烧爆炸事故伤害效应预测,为氢气贮柜发生燃烧爆炸事故危害性评估提供了理论依据。 相似文献
914.
对北京燕山石化公司固废堆埋场进行了回顾性评述。分析了堆埋场易发生渗漏的可能途径和石化行业固废淋滤液中主要污染物的特性,分别模拟测定和估算了地基和坝基的渗漏量。现场取样分析认为废渣液及淋滤污水目前对该地区地下水影响较小,工程在运行10a后仍然具有较好的防渗功能。 相似文献
915.
在邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)污染的水稻土中盆栽不同品种菜心,采用GC/MS研究了菜心-土壤系统中DBP的分布特征.结果表明,不同品种菜心茎叶和根系对DBP的吸收累积存在明显差异;不同品种菜心茎叶中DBP含量与其叶面积大小之间存在一定的正相关关系.不同品种菜心-土壤系统中DBP的分布特征明显不同,新选45天油菜心表现为茎叶和根系中DBP含量较低,盆栽后土壤中DBP含量也较低;特青60天菜心和新选油青四九菜心表现为茎叶和根系中DBP含量较低,但盆栽后土壤中DBP含量较高;油青60天菜心表现为茎叶和根系中DBP含量较高,盆栽后土壤中DBP含量也较高. 相似文献
916.
The idea that natural selection can be meaningfully applied at the group level may be more important than previously thought. This perspective, a modern version of group selection, is called multilevel selection. Multilevel selection theory could incorporate previous explanations for the evolution of cooperation including kin selection. There is general agreement that natural selection favors noncooperators over cooperators in the case of an unstructured population. Therefore, the evolution of cooperation by multilevel selection often requires positive assortment between cooperators and noncooperators. The question is how this positive assortment can arise in the ecological meaning. We constructed an individual-based model of multilevel selection and introduced migration and evolution. The results showed that positive assortment was generated especially when a migration strategy was adopted in which individuals respond specifically to bad environmental conditions. It was also shown that the founder effect in the evolutionary process could further facilitate positive assortment by working with migration. We analyzed assortment by using relatedness defined in group-structured populations. The fact that cooperation was achieved by such migration and by the founder effect highlights the importance of sensitiveness to the ecological environment and of fluctuations in group size, respectively. 相似文献
917.
918.
919.
The ecological toxicity of cadmium (Cd, 10 mg kg−1 of dry weight soil) and butachlor (10, 50 and100 mg kg−1 of dry weight soil) in both their single and combined effects on soil urease and phosphatase was studied after 1, 3, 7, 14,
21 and 28 days exposure under controlled conditions in paddy and phaeozem soils. The results showed that Cd reduced the activities
of urease and phosphatase at early incubation time (1–7 days), while the reduction almost disappeared at the end of the incubation.
The effect of Cd on phosphatase was more pronounced than that on urease. The activities of urease and phosphatase were reduced
by butachlor, while urease activity was significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) improved when the concentrations of butachlor were 10 and 50 mg kg−1 at the end of the incubation. When Cd (10 mg kg−1) was combined with butachlor (50 and 100 mg kg−1), the activities of urease and phosphatase became lower than without combination at early incubation time, which indicated
that the toxicity of Cd significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). However, when Cd (10 mg kg−1) was combined with butachlor (10 mg kg−1), the activities of urease and phosphatase became higher than those without combination at the end of the incubation, which
indicated that the toxicity of Cd decreased. It was indicated that the combined effects depended largely on the incubation
time and the concentration ratio of Cd and butachlor. In addition, it was showed that the combined effects of butachlor and
Cd appeared different in paddy from phaeozem, which may be related to the different properties of these soils. 相似文献
920.
沙漠化地区退耕还林政策的生态经济效应分析——以民勤县为例 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13
退耕还林是沙漠化地区生态环境治理的主要内容。论文以沙漠化严重的民勤县为例,采用环境社会学的研究方法,对民勤县农户的退耕还林意愿和退耕还林政策的生态经济效应在农户中的响应进行了典型调查和抽样调查,并搜集了相关数据。统计分析表明:退耕还林涉及到农户土地利用方式的变化,农户的退耕意愿主要取决于退耕后经济利益的得失;农户虽然在近期承受退耕地收益减少的负担,但长期可以得到退耕还林的保肥效果和减少风沙灾害损失的生态经济效果。退耕还林具有典型的外部经济性,政府应该为退耕还林的成本全部买单,同时,在调整退耕地结构、优化退耕模式的过程中还要协调好退耕还林与农户增收的关系。 相似文献