主成分分析法在煤矿事故统计分析中的应用

为了研究我国煤矿各类事故之间的相互关系,运用主成分分析法对我国煤矿事故数据进行了统计分析,计算得到煤矿事故类型的第一主成分和第二主成分,并进一步分析了煤矿事故的主要类型以及各类事故之间的相互联系,对制定相应的煤矿事故预防措施具有一定的指导作用。     

好氧微生物在硝基苯污染河水原位修复中的应用

在好氧条件下,从长期受硝基苯污染的化工厂排污口底泥和河道底质中分离得到3株对硝基苯有明显降解作用的优势微生物.为了比较这些优势菌的降解效果,作了硝基苯初始质量浓度分别为50 mg/L、25 mg/L、12.5 mg/L、6.25 mg/L、3.13 mg/L等不同梯度下的模拟修复实验,并且检验了单一菌与混合菌的降解能力.实验结果表明:当硝基苯初始质量浓度为50 mg/L时,优势菌作用不明显,硝基苯的去除主要依靠自然挥发作用;当硝基苯初始质量浓度为3.13 mg/L时,混合菌对硝基苯的降解能力较强,72 h的去除率达到99%,而此时空白对照(CK)的去除率仅为60%.分析实验结果得到,混合菌可能存在协同作用;由于产物中未检出NO2-,所以硝基苯降解途径中可能存在部分还原历程.     

长三角典型区土壤重金属有效态的协同区域化分析、空间相关分析与空间主成分分析

以昆山市为典型区,采集了126个表层土壤样品,通过多元统计学、地统计学与GIS技术相结合,采用基于协同区域化理论的因子克立格法探讨了长三角多个土壤重金属有效态的区域分异,并在剖析不同空间尺度有效态重金属的空间结构特征基础上,应用空间相关分析和空间主成分分析来揭示引起这种分布格局的成因和污染来源,结果表明,昆山土壤有效态重金属服从正态或对数正态分布,变异系数较大,有效态Cd污染最重.重金属有效态在空间上可划分为块金尺度、小空间尺度（15 km左右）和大空间尺度（40 km左右）,它可用3个尺度的实验（交叉）变异函数的协同区域化模型线性拟合.空间相关分析中,Cd和Zn在3个尺度中的相关性均极显著,且元素在小尺度和大尺度的相关性比块金尺度更强,大尺度的负相关特征较其它尺度明显.空间主成分分析表明,不同尺度的空间污染来源不同.重金属有效态第一、二主成分的空间分布格局结果表明重金属有效态含量与工业活动、污水灌溉和土壤性质密切相关.     

Aerobic degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether by a Proteobacteria strain in a closed culture system

The contamination of methyl ten-butyl ether （MTBE） in underground waters has become a widely concerned problem all over the world. In this study, a novel dosed culture system with oxygen supplied by H2O2 was introduced for MTBE aerobic biodegradation. After 7 d, almost all MTBE was degraded by a pure culture, a member of β-Proteobacteria named as PMI, in a closed system with oxygen supply, while only 40% MTBE was degraded in one without oxygen supply. Dissolved oxygen （DO） levels of the broth in closed systems respectively with and without H2O2 were about 5-6 and 4 mg/L. Higher DO may improve the activity of monooxygemase, which is the key enzyme of metabolic pathway from MTBE to tert-butyl alcohol and finally to CO2, and may result in the increase of the degrading activity of PM1 cell. The purge and trap GC-MS result of the broth in closed systems showed that tea-butyl alcohol, isopronol and acetone were the main intermediate products.     

Artificial neural network model for identifying taxi gross emitter from remote sensing data of vehicle emission

Vehicle emission has been the major source of air pollution in urban areas in the past two decades. This article proposes an artificial neural network model for identifying the taxi gross emitters based on the remote sensing data. After carrying out the field test in Guangzhou and analyzing various factors from the emission data, the artificial neural network modeling was proved to be an advisable method of identifying the gross emitters. On the basis of the principal component analysis and the selection of algorithm and architecture, the Back-Propagation neural network model with 8-17-1 architecture was established as the optimal approach for this purpose. It gave a percentage of hits of 93%. Our previous research result and the result from aggression analysis were compared, and they provided respectively the percentage of hits of 81.63% and 75%. This comparison demonstrates the potentiality and validity of the proposed method in the identification of taxi gross emitters.     

提高煤层气采收率的CO2埋存技术

作为常规油气重要接替补充的非常规天然气,煤层气越来越受到世人的关注.如何提高煤层气采收率是摆在煤层气开发工程师面前迫切需要解决的技术难题.通过向煤层中注入CO2,既可以提高煤层气采收率又能间接地实现CO2减排,即提高煤层气采收率的CO2埋存技术(CO2-ECBM).该项技术已在世界各地迅速发展,并取得一些实质性进展.文...     

钱塘江杭州段沉积物中铁锰的分布特征

针对钱塘江杭州段水污染现状,对钱塘江杭州段12个采样断面的沉积物进行了系统研究。结果表明,沉积物Fe、Mn的平均含量分别为2.05%,449 mg/kg,变异系数分别为16%、27%。主成分分析结果表明,Fe、Mn、K具有一定的同源性,代表沉积物的自然来源,Fe、Al的分布情况反映两者之间可能存在一定的同源性。相关性分析结果表明,Fe、Al、K均与粘粒显著或极显著相关,反映了地球化学作用和水文条件相互作用的结果;Mn与有机污染(OM)呈显著负相关,说明Mn的污染源与OM不存在同源性,相反,有机质污染导致沉积物锰含量有所降低,两者可能存在密切关系。     

主成分分析法在水环境质量评价中的应用进展

对研究水质的一种多元统计方法——主成分分析法做了详细介绍,并对主成分分析法在河流、地下水、矿区、湖泊水质评价中的应用进行了综述,简要分析了主成分分析法在水环境质量评价中尚有不足之处。     

兰州城区大气PM2.5污染特征及来源解析

为探究兰州城区PM_(2.5)的污染特征及其来源,分别在兰州市城关区和西固区设置PM_(2.5)采样点,于2013年10月(非采暖期)和12月(采暖期)采集样品并进行分析,得到了PM_(2.5)及其16种化学组成的质量浓度.结果表明,兰州城区PM_(2.5)污染水平较高,平均质量浓度为129μg·m~(-3).样品无机元素平均质量浓度为:SCaFeAlMgPbZnMnTiCu,其中S、Ca、Fe、Al的质量浓度在1μg·m~(-3)以上,是主要元素组分;样品各无机元素质量浓度表现为采暖期高于非采暖期,城关区高于西固区.样品水溶性离子平均质量浓度为:SO~(2-)_4NO~-_3NH~+_4Cl~-K~+Na~+,其中SO~(2-)_4、NO~-_3、NH~+_4的质量浓度在10μg·m~(-3)以上,是主要离子组分;样品各水溶性离子质量浓度表现为采暖期高于非采暖期,西固区高于城关区.富集因子(EF)分析结果表明,元素Al、Ca、Mg、Ti的EF值均小于1以自然来源为主;元素Cu、Pb、S、Zn的EF值显著大于10,表明这4种元素在PM_(2.5)中高度富集,且主要源于人为活动造成的污染.主成分分析结果表明,交通排放源、生物质燃烧源、土壤源和二次粒子对兰州城区大气PM_(2.5)贡献显著.     

Potential bioremediation of mercury-contaminated substrate using filamentous fungi isolated from forest soil

The use of filamentous fungi in bioremediation of heavy metal contamination has been developed recently. This research aims to observe the capability of filamentous fungi isolated from forest soil for bioremediation of mercury contamination in a substrate. Six fungal strains were selected based on their capability to grow in 25 mg/L Hg2+-contaminated potato dextrose agar plates. Fungal strain KRP1 showed the highest ratio of growth diameter, 0.831, thus was chosen for further observation.Identification based on colony and cell morphology carried out by 18S rRNA analysis gave a 98%match to Aspergillus flavus strain KRP1. The fungal characteristics in mercury(Ⅱ) contamination such as range of optimum pH, optimum temperature and tolerance level were 5.5–7 and 25–35℃ and 100 mg/L respectively. The concentration of mercury in the media affected fungal growth during lag phases. The capability of the fungal strain to remove the mercury(Ⅱ) contaminant was evaluated in 100 mL sterile 10 mg/L Hg2+-contaminated potato dextrose broth media in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks inoculated with 108spore/mL fungal spore suspension and incubation at 30℃ for 7 days. The mercury(Ⅱ) utilization was observed for flasks shaken in a 130 r/min orbital shaker(shaken) and nonshaken flasks(static) treatments. Flasks containing contaminated media with no fungal spores were also provided as control. All treatments were done in triplicate. The strain was able to remove 97.50%and 98.73% mercury from shaken and static systems respectively. A. flavus strain KRP1 seems to have potential use in bioremediation of aqueous substrates containing mercury(Ⅱ) through a biosorption mechanism.