废印刷线路板回收利用的现状与存在的问题

从分析印刷线路板材料构成的复杂性人手,论述了国内外在废印刷线路板回收处理技术方面的研究现状和进展。找出目前我国在处理废印刷线路板方面存在的问题与差距．并提出切实可行的建议。分析表明,干法分离分选技术应是今后的发展方向。     

Nylon 6,6 modified screen printed carbon electrodes as electrochemical sensors for rapid chlorothalonil determination in water samples using differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry

A newly developed electrochemical sensor for chlorothalonil based on nylon 6,6 film deposited onto screen printed electrode (SPE) with electrochemical modulation of pH at the electrode/solution interface was studied for the first time. Differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPCSV) was used to carry out the electrochemical and analytical studies. Experimental parameters such as accumulation potential, initial potential, accumulation time and pH of Britton-Robinson buffer have been optimized. Chlorothalonil gave optimum analytical signal in a medium of 0.04?M Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 6.0. A well-defined reduction peak was observed, at E_p= ?0.851 and ?0.938?V vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0?M KCl) for both bare SPE and modified SPE, respectively. The peak currents of modified SPE were significantly increased as compared to bare SPE. At the modified SPE, a linear relationship between the peak current and chlorothalonil concentration was obtained in the range from 0.1 to 2.8?×?10^?6?M with a detection limit of 1.53?×?10^?8?M (S/N=?3). The practical applicability of the newly developed method has been demonstrated on analyses of real water samples. The newly developed sensor shows good reproducibility with RSD of 3.92%. The nylon 6,6 modified SPE showed itself as promising sensor with good selectivity for chlorothalonil determination.     

废线路板稀贵金属含量分析及提取技术研究

废线路板的稀贵金属含量较高.论述了废线路板中金的提取方法,分为全部浸出工艺和选择性浸出工艺,并提出了稀贵金属的提取工艺流程.     

废弃线路板的破碎解离和气流分选研究

破碎和材料富集分离是废弃线路板资源化的关键技术。采用冲击破碎和气流分选技术对废线路板的机械分离过程进行了研究。结果表明使用锤式粉碎机破碎,线路板中主要金属在0.8mm以下基本解离,79.65%的金属集中分布在0.125～1.0mm粒级。气流分选得到品位较高的金属富集体,粒级0.125～1.0mm中的总金属回收率超过90%。     

Recycling of WEEE: characterization of spent printed circuit boards from mobile phones and computers

This paper presents a comparison between printed circuit boards from computers and mobile phones. Since printed circuits boards are becoming more complex and smaller, the amount of materials is constantly changing. The main objective of this work was to characterize spent printed circuit boards from computers and mobile phones applying mineral processing technique to separate the metal, ceramic, and polymer fractions. The processing was performed by comminution in a hammer mill, followed by particle size analysis, and by magnetic and electrostatic separation. Aqua regia leaching, loss-on-ignition and chemical analysis (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy - ICP-OES) were carried out to determine the composition of printed circuit boards and the metal rich fraction. The composition of the studied mobile phones printed circuit boards (PCB-MP) was 63 wt.% metals; 24 wt.% ceramics and 13 wt.% polymers; and of the printed circuit boards from studied personal computers (PCB-PC) was 45 wt.% metals; 27 wt.% polymers and ceramics 28 wt.% ceramics. The chemical analysis showed that copper concentration in printed circuit boards from personal computers was 20 wt.% and in printed circuit boards from mobile phones was 34.5 wt.%. According to the characteristics of each type of printed circuit board, the recovery of precious metals may be the main goal of the recycling process of printed circuit boards from personal computers and the recovery of copper should be the main goal of the recycling process of printed circuit boards from mobile phones. Hence, these printed circuit boards would not be mixed prior treatment. The results of this paper show that copper concentration is increasing in mobile phones and remaining constant in personal computers.     

灰色预测模型及分布活化能模型在废电路板热解中的应用

分别在管式炉反应器和热天平上对废电路板的热解行为进行实验研究。在管式炉反应器上考察了在同一升温速率（20 K/min）下不同热解终温 (400、500、600、700和800℃) 对废电路板热解产物产率的影响。在相关实验数据的基础上尝试用灰色理论及方法建立基于热解终温的废电路板热解灰色产率预测模型GM(1,1),预测结果与实验数据对比表明,该预测模型精度较高,能够较好地对不同热解终温下废电路板热解产物产率进行预测。此外,在热天平上获得的不同升温速率（10、15和20 K/min）下的热失重曲线表明,废电路板的失重速率峰随升温速率的提高逐渐向高温侧移动。采用分布活化能模型对废电路板热失重曲线进行动力学分析,获得废电路板热解活化能的变化曲线。计算结果表明,废电路板热解过程中活化能并不是单一数值,而是随失重率变化的一个函数。所得废电路板热解活化能值在140～250 kJ/mol范围内变化,当失重率在10%～60%之间,活化能值总体呈缓慢上升的趋势,但当失重率＞60%时,活化能值由155.4 kJ/mol迅速增加到244.4 kJ/mol。     

活性炭对细菌浸出线路板中金属铜的影响研究

研究了活性炭对细菌生长和浸出铜的效应影响。结果表明活性炭的添加对细菌的生长有一定的抑制作用,但这种作用随着添加量的增加而减弱。Fe3+对Cu浸出速率较快,活性炭对浸出速率有一定的促进作用,但效果不明显,且最终Cu的浸出率只达到87%。活性炭的添加增大了浸出体系中的生物量,加速了对Fe2+的氧化速率,从而保持溶液中较高的Fe3+浓度,可以提高铜的浸出速率。但这种促进作用需要较高浓度的活性炭添加量才比较明显。     

火灾条件下消防负载断路器性能研究

针对目前配电箱开关在火灾热影响下由于脱扣机构动作引起跳闸,不能保证消防设备供电问题,经过对消防配电箱的火灾试验研究,分析了外部热源对开关动作的影响。通过线损量的计算,得出了火灾情况下环境温度与电阻热损耗的关系。并依据双金属片热弯曲理论,推导出热脱扣机构动作力与端部位移成正比的关系。总结出消防终端设备开关热过载保护应仅用于动作信号而不应切断电源的结论。对于现有消防配电柜,给出了通过调整开关热脱扣机构倾斜角,来增加消防负荷的供电时间的方案,可以为消防供电系统断路器的可靠性设计作参考。     

电选法回收废印刷线路板中金属Cu的研究

采用破碎机和高压电选机对废印刷线路板中金属Cu进行回收.结果表明,破碎产物粒度<0.9mm时金属的单体解离度较高,可以作为分选的原料.物料在电选过程中的动力学分析表明,影响电选效果的主要因素为电极电压、滚筒转速、电晕电极距及物料粒度.经正交实验优化影响参数后,-0.9+0.074mm粒级的破碎产物一次电选所得精料中Cu的富集情况较好,Cu品位由32.0%富集到63.6%,回收率为78.7%.     

印制电路板废水处理技术应用实践

针对印制电路板废水的特点,根据清污分流、先预处理再综合处理的原则进行合理的细化分类,对不同的水质进行分类物化处理。该处理技术具有工艺合理、可操作性好、自动化程度高等优点,处理后出水水质达到广东省《水污染物排放限值》(DB44／26—2001)一级标准。