Pyrolysis characteristics of the mixture of printed circuit board scraps and coal powder

Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the pyrolysis characteristics of printed circuit board scraps (PCBs), coal powder and their mixtures under nitrogen atmosphere. The experimental results show that there is a large difference between waste PCBs and coal powder in pyrolysis processing. The pyrolysis properties of the mixing samples are the result of interaction of the PCBs and coal powder, which is influenced by the content of mixture. The degree of pyrolysis and pyrolysis properties of the mixture are much better than that of the single component. The TG and the differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of the PCBs mixed with coal powder move towards the high-temperature zone with increasing amount of coal powder and subsequently the DTG peak also becomes wider. The Coats–Redfern integral method was used to determine the kinetic parameters of pyrolysis reaction mechanism with the different proportion of mixture. The gas of pyrolysis mainly composes of CO₂, CO, H₂O and some hydrocarbon. The bromide characteristic absorption peak has been detected obviously in the pyrolysis gas of PCBs. On the contrary, the absorption peak of the bromide is not obvious in pyrolysis gas of the PCBs samples adding 40% coal powder.     

电动汽车辐射源的仿真分析

本文运用目前较为流行的三种仿真工具来对电动汽车辐射源进行仿真分析,运用MATLAB的simulink模块对汽车电池模型等效电路进行模型的搭建与仿真分析电路电流,得到电流的表达式和仿真图,再根据对电流图形进行曲线拟合,得到电流的近似表达式。把表达式当作是时间的函数,这样就可以将电池工作时的电流导入到CST中并作为激励源进行空间的仿真分析,得到电磁波的分布图。     

近红外光腔衰荡光谱系统设计及研究

目的搭建一套近红外光腔衰荡光谱测量系统,实现水汽吸收的探测。方法通过测量有无样品存在时的衰荡时间,实现腔内介质吸收的探测。通过测量空腔衰荡时间,计算腔镜反射率。通过测量不同浓度的水汽吸收,验证系统是否可用于分子吸收的测量。结果该装置的空腔衰荡时间约为3.75μs,对应的腔镜反射率为99.982%,有效吸收光程为1.1 km。测量了6627.7 cm~(-1)处水汽的吸收,结果与HITRAN数据库一致。结合文献报道结果和HITRAN数据库吸收谱线,模拟得到了NH_3、C_2H_2、HO_2自由基在6625～6626 cm~(-1)范围内的吸收系数。结论该装置实现了水汽吸收的探测,在该装置的激光器工作波长范围内,可应用于NH_3、C_2H_2、HO_2自由基的实时探测。     

电路板的大气污染物典型腐蚀分析及防护

目的 解决电路板在大气污染物环境下的腐蚀失效问题,提升电路板在大气污染环境中的适应性。方法 从器件选型角度,结合厚膜电阻和SMD LED两种电路板典型腐蚀失效案例,利用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对腐蚀部位形貌分析,利用EDS能谱分析仪分析腐蚀元素和确定入侵路径。通过现场一年的应用对比验证,评价不同封装结构物料的抗腐蚀能力。从电路板涂覆涂层角度,利用恒定盐雾和交变盐雾对比试验,评价不同工艺参数涂层的抗腐蚀能力。结果 通过对厚膜电阻和SMD 硅胶封装LED失效样品的分析,硫元素从器件封装靠近镀银构件结构的薄弱点入侵,生成AgS,最终导致器件失效。带有抗硫化镀层的厚膜电阻和环氧树脂封装LED可以有效切断空气中硫元素的入侵路径,避免腐蚀失效发生。另一方面,通过168 h恒定盐雾和144 h交变盐雾试验结果的分析,随着涂覆厚度和材料黏度的增加,样品的抗盐雾能力得到有效提升,器件引脚位置得到更好的防护。结论 通过改变器件封装、增加涂层涂覆的厚度和材料黏度可以有效提高电路板抗大气污染物腐蚀的能力。该研究对电路板防腐蚀物料选型和涂层工艺参数选择提供了参考。     

Examining the technology acceptance for dismantling of waste printed circuit boards in light of recycling and environmental concerns

The dismantling of printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) and the recovery of their useful materials can lead to serious environmental impacts mainly due to their complicated physical structure and the variety of toxic elements contained in their material composition. So far, less attention has been paid to their responsible recycling compared to that of bare printed circuit boards. Combined with other materials recovery process, proper dismantling of PCBAs is beneficial to conserve scarce resources, reuse the components, and eliminate or safely dispose of hazardous materials. In analyzing the generation, resources potential and hazardous risk of scrap PCBAs, technologies used for the dismantling of waste PCBAs have been widely investigated and reviewed from the aspects of both industrial application and laboratory-scale studies. In addition, the feasibility of PCBA dismantling has been discussed, the determinants of which, including the heating conditions and mechanical properties have been identified. Moreover, this paper evaluates the environmental consequences caused by the dismantling of PCBAs.     

新型水泥立窑水除尘系统及控制

介绍了一种新型的立窑水除尘系统,该系统采用适用于高温、高湿环境的新型轴流风机,处理用水可循环使用,没有二次污染,除尘效率高,粉尘排放达到标准.同时详细介绍了该系统的控制原理和控制电路的设计.     

无回路阻力平衡约束的固定风量平衡算法研究

通风网络解算、按需分风优化调节、基于固定风量调节反算风阻等工程实际问题均存在固定风量平衡问题.为判断在固定风量分支的位置、个数、风量都不确定的前提下,是否存在同时满足固定风量条件和风量平衡条件的通风网络风量分配方案,将固定风量平衡问题转化为网络流分配问题,令固定风量分支的容量上界与下界均等于固定风量值,其他分支的容量视为无穷大,判断是否存在所有固定风量分支均达到饱和状态的可行流,利用最大流算法求解可行流问题.如果存在可行流,则最大流方法的分配结果便可同时满足固定风量条件和风量平衡条件,即为通风网络风量的初始分配方案.通过正反2个实例验证,表明该方法可行.     

Depollution benchmarks for capacitors,batteries and printed wiring boards from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)

The article compiles and analyses sample data for toxic components removed from waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) from more than 30 recycling companies in Switzerland over the past ten years. According to European and Swiss legislation, toxic components like batteries, capacitors and printed wiring boards have to be removed from WEEE. The control bodies of the Swiss take back schemes have been monitoring the activities of WEEE recyclers in Switzerland for about 15 years. All recyclers have to provide annual mass balance data for every year of operation. From this data, percentage shares of removed batteries and capacitors are calculated in relation to the amount of each respective WEEE category treated. A rationale is developed, why such an indicator should not be calculated for printed wiring boards. The distributions of these de-pollution indicators are analysed and their suitability for defining lower threshold values and benchmarks for the depollution of WEEE is discussed. Recommendations for benchmarks and threshold values for the removal of capacitors and batteries are given.     

从废印制电路板元器件中分离电容器的方法

以典型废印制电路板湿法剥离得到的元器件为研究对象,通过筛分和磁选相结合的物理方法,分离其中的电容器。研究发现,筛分后电容器分布在9.5-19 mm和4.0-9.5 mm范围内,并且50%以上的元器件与电容器得到分离。9.5-19 mm范围内的元器件经过磁选,可以将强磁性的铜线绕阻类元器件分离出来,剩余元器件采用8 mm宽的条形筛进行筛分,筛上物主要为电容器,筛下物主要为芯片和引脚;4.0-9.5 mm范围内的元器件经过磁选,可以将92.93%的电容器分离出来。     

废旧电子线路板资源再生处理技术

介绍了目前废旧电子线路板资源回收处理现状、方法及检测技术,并提出正确回收处理废旧电子线路板的方法及对未来的展望。