Managers as drivers of CSR in state-owned enterprises

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is increasingly required not only of private sector companies, but also of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), whose main function is to provide services to society and not principally to obtain financial reward. The important role played by managers in implementing CSR has been demonstrated by prior research. The objective of this paper is to examine how managers of SOEs perceive the concept of CSR, the reasons for their involvement and how it is integrated into everyday business practices. In addition, we examine whether managers' attitudes towards CSR policies are influenced by their personal profiles and by the sector in which the SOEs work. We find that, although these managers are aware of the importance of the CSR principles underlying their activities and understand the meaning, scope and dimensions of CSR, there remains an evident need to enhance the application of CSR policies among the strategies of SOEs. The manager profile and the sector in which the SOEs work both have a strong influence on their behaviour regarding CSR issues.     

船舶防污染工作要与时俱进

综述了当前社会主义建设发展和国家交通水监系统的不断深化改革的过程中 ,中国水上安全与环保的管理现状和存在问题 ,分析了相关难点 ,提出了船舶防污染工作应适应机构改革的新形势 ,与时俱进的构思     

Sustainable cities: do political factors determine the quality of life?

The implementation of urban sustainability practices is affected by political obstacles, and diverse political ideologies may defend different city models. Sustainable policy design could also be affected by several factors that cause the deflection of resources initially allocated to other groups that are contrary to the concerns pursued and have the power to veto sustainable plans by exerting pressure on the party in power.In this sense, the aim of this paper is to show the impact that political factors have on cities’ sustainability, and the effect of both on cities’ economic development. To do so, we used the 78 Spanish cities with a population over 100,000 studied by MERCO (Spanish Corporate Reputation Monitor) as regards their levels of sustainability for the fiscal years 2008 and 2009. Both relationships have been tested empirically through two dependence models using linear regression techniques.The results obtained show that political competition improves cities’ sustainability, while a leftist ideology has an inverse impact. On the other hand, a significant direct relationship has been observed between urban sustainability and municipal economic activity.     

Identifying best practices states in motorcycle rider education and licensing

PROBLEM: After decreasing to a historic low in 1997, motorcycle crash-related fatalities are increasing. Although causes remain unclear, motorcycle rider education and licensing play key roles in reducing motorcycle crashes and injuries. Yet, little is known about what constitutes effective rider training and licensing. This study develops a model of best practices in motorcycle rider education and licensing and combines primary and secondary data to identify states that most closely adhere to this model. Evidence on the validity of the model is also examined. METHOD: States were rated along three areas of best practices: (a) program administration; (b) rider education; and (c) licensing based on 2001 data collected for a National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)-sponsored study. RESULTS: Results indicate wide variation in states' adherence to best practices; several states meet most, others very few. When the areas of best practices are considered separately, a state tends to behave similarly on all three. Initial evidence supports the validity of the model, with high best practices states having the lowest rates of motorcycle fatalities. IMPACT ON TRAFFIC SAFETY: As motorcycle-related crashes increase and state and federal support for rider education programs diminishes, it is critical that states identify deficiencies in their program and learn from successful states about efficient, cost-effective strategies for increasing best practices in motorcycle rider education and licensing.     

谈企业成本控制

本文从企业的生产成本、资金成本和管理成本等三个方面,谈到了企业在生产经过中降低成本的有效途径和方法,从而增强企业在激烈的市场环境中的竞争力,达到“增收节支”的目的.     

对排海污染物实行“纳污区”管理探讨

我国近海是经济增长和发展最重要和最集中的区域。然而,随着沿海工业的发展,大量未经处理的陆源污染物随间排海,沿岸水域形成“黑潮”、“赤潮”致使我国近海海域污染加剧,生态平衡失调,严重影响了海域资源环境的可持续发展。     

基于DEM的小流域石漠化成因的坡度分析——以贵州连续性石灰岩地区为例

本文选择三个典型的连续性石灰岩为基底、不同地貌区域的小流域为研究对象,通过DEM数据源在GIS软件上提取坡度信息,对其石漠化分布与坡度间的相关性进行分析。结果表明从高原区到峡谷区,石漠化的发生在面积上大体相当,强度上则愈加严重。连续性石灰岩地区各坡度上都存在生态恶化的隐患,但坡度对于其生态的恢复并不是明显的限制因素。轻度石漠化和中度石漠化的面积比在坡度的等级由低到高的过程中存在着中间的高峰值。轻、中度石漠化在高原区和峡谷区中集中于15~35°坡度;斜坡区则集中在35~45°间。强度石漠化在高原区和斜坡区中25°以上的坡度中集中分布、峡谷区则在坡度15~45°内。在喀斯特地区的低坡度上要注意人为活动的合理性。     

试论新形势下的我国环境保护科研计划管理

通过国内外环境科研管理的分析,划分了环境管理与科研的层次,指出科研计划管理是联系管理与科研的纽带。提出在深入改革的形势下,科研管理需进一步加强宏观调控,并就环境管理、准决策研究、基础研究三个层次的联系与运行以及科研分领域系统管理,科研经费管理的多元化与项目设置的计划滚动效应和建立技术支持的专家系统等提出了看法。以求实现科学比管理,切实发挥科研第一生产力的作用,达到科研为管理服务的目的。     

长江干线船舶碰撞原因的故障树分析一以武汉海事局辖区水域为例

以2007年武汉海事局辖区船舶碰撞资料为基础,利用故障树分析方法构建该水域船舶碰撞故障树,进行定性、定链分析,得到包括航行疏于戒备、车舵控制失误、疏于了望等14个主要危险因素及各因素的相关事故数。在故障树分析的基础上,构建布尔代数和最小割集,计算各危险旧素的概率重要度,以衡精各危险因素发生概率的变化给碰撞事故发生概率带来的影响;计算临界重要度,从敏感度和概率双重角度衡量每个危险因素的重要度。通过分析发现应急操作不当、违反其他规定、航行疏于戒备、违反分道通航、疲劳驾驶等人为因素是引起该水域船舶碰撞的重要原因。建议船公司重视船员应急培训,提高船员应急处置能力,海事管理机构加大相关法规宣传力度和监管力度。