A case study of microwave processing of metal hydroxide sediment sludge from printed circuit board manufacturing wash water

The large quantity of wash water used in the electroplating and etching process in the manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs) contains a high level of heavy metal ions (Cu⁺⁺, Zn⁺⁺, Ni⁺⁺, Cr⁺⁺⁺, Pb⁺⁺). These potentially toxic ions are removed from the wash water effluent through a polyelectrolyte flocculation and hydroxide precipitation process during which a hydroxide sediment sludge rich in metal ions and polymers is generated. This sediment sludge possesses some unique characteristics and properties in terms of composition, fine particle size distribution, high specific surface area, and a tendency to agglomerate after drying. Direct disposal of this classified “special waste” (Department of Environment of Northern Ireland, The Special Waste Regulations, Northern Ireland, 1998) at landfill sites may cause serious soil and underground water pollution through a gradual ionic leaching process. This paper describes an experimental investigation, exploratory in nature, which employs microwave radiation for detoxification of the sediment sludge through microwave heating, drying and metal ion immobilization within the sediment solids. The effectiveness of microwave assisted binding and immobilization of the metal ions within the sediment solids was studied in conjunction with an evaluation of microwave energy efficiency in comparison to the more conventional convective heating and drying processes. Given a sufficient amount of microwave radiation, leaching of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ was reduced by 2700% and 1080%, respectively, over a period of 12 weeks, and further leaching was not detectable within six months at simulated local landfill aqueous conditions. This paper also attempts, through experimental observation, to add to the very limited understanding of the complex interactions and binding of free metal ions with the polymeric materials and metal hydroxides under the influence of an electromagnetic field. The high specific surface of the sediment solids and their adsorption properties were further explored and characterized in a study of adsorption of reactive dyes by the microwave processed solids.     

功能性低聚糖的现状与发展

介绍了功能性低聚糖的现状、生理功能、主要种类、结构、生产、特性及其应用,展望了发展前景。     

流域地表生态信息的卫星遥感图像处理技术

以福建省九龙江流域为例,利用计算机技术和遥感-GIS工具软件,探讨利用多源卫星遥感影像获取流域地表环境信息的图像处理与分析技术,列举卫星遥感可获取的流域地表生态环境专题信息。重点分析利用遥感-GIS界定流域范围的方法、流域地表覆盖状况和植被覆盖密度的卫星遥感影像处理方法。      

An assessment on the recycling opportunities of wastes emanating from scrap metal processing in Mauritius

This paper presents an assessment on the wastes namely slag, dust, mill scale and sludge resulting from scrap metal processing. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that there are various ways via which scrap metal processing wastes can be reused or recycled in other applications instead of simply diverting them to the landfill. These wastes are briefly described and an overview on the different areas of applications is presented. Based on the results obtained, the waste generation factor developed was 349.3 kg per ton of steel produced and it was reported that slag represents 72% of the total wastes emanating from the iron and steel industry in Mauritius. Finally the suitability of the different treatment and valorisation options in the context of Mauritius is examined.     

Comprehensive alarm information processing technology with application in petrochemical plant

During the abnormal plant conditions, too much information is produced due to momentary plant excursions above alarm limits. This flood of information impedes correct interpretation and correction of plant conditions by the operator. Existing techniques for the design of alarm systems mostly have weak ability to handle complex hazard scenarios and increase the probability of larger safety issues. In this paper, a comprehensive alarm information processing (AIP) technology is introduced, called multi-round alarm management system (MRAMS), including several processing strategies: AIP based on single sensor, AIP based on sensor group, root cause diagnosis based on Bayesian network, sensor fault judgment method and false alarm inhibition method. In case studies, both simulation experiment and pilot application on a real petrochemical plant are presented. Results indicate the MRAMS is helpful in improving the accuracy of correctly diagnosing the root causes and hence avoiding false and redundant alarms. By adopting this new technology, the safe and reliable operation of the plant can be achieved, and the economic loss brought by improper alarms can be reduced.     

食用植物油加工VOCs排放特征

获取了菜籽和大豆植物油加工行业VOCs排放系数、成分谱和臭氧生成贡献,并对其全国VOCs排放量进行了计算.结果表明,菜籽油加工过程VOCs排放系数为1.20kg/t菜籽用量和6.32kg/t菜籽油产量,大豆油加工过程VOCs排放系数为0.36kg/t大豆用量和2.35kg/t大豆油产量.菜籽油和大豆油加工排放的VOCs主要来自于有机溶剂挥发.VOCs排放占比最大的物种是正己烷,其次是甲基戊烷（包括3-甲基戊烷和2-甲基戊烷）,再次是甲基环戊烷.植物油加工行业OFP为931.47μg/m³,其中,烷烃贡献最大,占比为61.90%;其次是烯烃和OVOCs,占比分别为19.61%和15.14%,.2019年中国大豆和油菜籽植物油加工VOCs排放量为5.12万t,大豆和油菜籽植物油分别贡献65.4%和34.6%,山东、湖北、江苏、广东、河南、广西、天津、河北、湖南、福建是贡献最大的10个省份,合计占比72.0%.     

稻谷深加工产业应注意的大气环境影响问题及对策分析研究

随着国民经济的发展,中国稻谷深加工企业在各地陆续涌现,稻谷加工业作为食品工业的基础性行业,与人们的生活密切相关,通过加大对稻谷副产品淀粉、米糠、稻壳等的深加工,既发展了粮油经济、延伸了产业链条,也增加了经济收益,但与此同时也存在着一定的环境问题,多集中在对环境空气的影响方面如稻壳灰污染周边环境等,因此应重视稻谷加工生产环节所带来的环境影响,以积极的治理措施去应对.以稻谷深加工典型工艺为例,对工艺环节中主要存在的大气环境问题及治理措施进行探讨,在发展稻谷深加工产业的同时应重视产生的环境影响并采取相应的治理措施,减少稻谷深加工产业发展带来负面的环境问题.     

浅谈环境监测数据的三级质量审核管理

本文较为全面介绍了三明市环境监测站监测数据处理及数据三级审核质量控制管理方法。     

一种基于LVQ神经网络与图像处理的火焰识别算法

针对传统火灾探测技术存在的不稳定、误判率高等缺点,通过分析室内火灾图像与常见干扰光源图像的特点,提出一种基于人工神经网络的火焰图像检测技术。对火焰图像的基本特性进行分析,利用火焰图像序列的面积重叠率和中心相对移动率以及颜色等信息,结合实现学习向量量化(LVQ)神经网络融合技术,对视频序列图像中火焰的自动检测。仿真试验结果表明,基于LVQ神经网络的信息融合算法的网络收敛速度较快,有较高的火灾火焰识别准确率。     

基于三维扫描的服装面积因子测评

为计算服装面积因子,引入先进的三维扫描技术,分别扫描裸体和着装下的人体,获取点云数据。本文创建应用逆向工程软件Rapidform2006修复重建人体模型的合理流程,分别用现有的像素替代方法和新引进的逆向工程软件方法计算服装面积因子。实践证明,使用逆向工程软件重建人体模型,直接获得面积数值与现有的像素替代法间没有显著性差异,但是能大幅度减少测评周期。