混凝-超滤组合工艺处理鱼粉加工废水

鱼粉加工废水COD_Cr很高,需要进行处理后才能排入市政管网。开发了混凝-超滤组合处理鱼粉加工废水的新工艺,确定了混凝剂、助凝剂的最佳投量,以及超滤膜工艺的运行参数。实验结果表明,利用混凝-超滤组合工艺处理鱼粉加工废水,处理后的水COD_Cr为264 mg/L,达到《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》(CJ343-2010)的排放标准。     

High-recycled-content hydraulic cements of alternative chemistry for concrete production

Sustainable hydraulic cements based on alkali aluminosilicate chemistry were developed with market-limited wastes acting as the primary aluminosilicate precursors. Two sets of formulations were developed with waste brick or impounded coal ash used at relatively large volume as aluminosilicate precursors. Supplementary materials were used to produce raw materials of viable chemistry. Blends of raw materials were transformed into hydraulic cements by input of mechanical energy without resorting to elevated temperatures. The resultant hydraulic cements exhibited viable strength development characteristics. FTIR, SEM, EDS and NMR analyses were conducted in order to gain insight into the structure of the hydraulic cements and their hydration products. The results pointed at the prevalence of calcium aluminosilicate hydrates among the products of hydration which thoroughly bound the non-hydrated cores of cement particles.     

Distribution of copper,silver and gold during thermal treatment with brominated flame retardants

The growing consumption of electric and electronic equipment results in creating an increasing amount of electronic waste. The most economically and environmentally advantageous methods for the treatment and recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) are the thermal techniques such as direct combustion, co-combustion with plastic wastes, pyrolysis and gasification. Nowadays, this kind of waste is mainly thermally treated in incinerators (e.g. rotary kilns) to decompose the plastics present, and to concentrate metals in bottom ash. The concentrated metals (e.g. copper, precious metals) can be supplied as a secondary raw material to metal smelters, while the pyrolysis of plastics allows the recovery of fuel gases, volatilising agents and, eventually, energy. Indeed, WEEE, such as a printed circuit boards (PCBs) usually contains brominated flame retardants (BFRs). From these materials, hydrobromic acid (HBr) is formed as a product of their thermal decomposition.In the present work, the bromination was studied of copper, silver and gold by HBr, originating from BFRs, such as Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and Tetrabromobisphenol A-Tetrabromobisophenol A diglycidyl ether (TTDE) polymer; possible volatilization of the bromides formed was monitored using a thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and a laboratory-scale furnace for treating samples of metals and BFRs under an inert atmosphere and at a wide range of temperatures. The results obtained indicate that up to about 50% of copper and silver can evolve from sample residues in the form of volatile CuBr and AgBr above 600 and 1000 °C, respectively. The reactions occur in the molten resin phase simultaneously with the decomposition of the brominated resin. Gold is resistant to HBr and remains unchanged in the residue.     

Digital Air Photo Processing for Mapping of Copper Roof Distribution and Estimation of Related Copper Pollution

Emission of metals in the urbanenvironment is a growing concern throughout theworld. In order to identify metal emissionssources in the Stockholm metropolitan region, amethod for detailed mapping of roof coatings andother urban land covers has been developedconducted. High accuracy area calculation ofcopper roof coatings based on scanned aerialphotography was used. The geometric resolution ofthe digital photographs was 0.4 metre. Imagelayers with identified copper roof objects weremerged with a digital elevation model of 1 metregeometric resolution. The slope gradient for eachroof was calculated in order to account for slopein the calculation of roof areas. In total,622,590 m² of copper roofs were accounted,of which 176,845 m² and 447,745 m²represent new and patinated copper respectively.The number of copper roofs larger than 1,000m² was 142. Applying corrosion and runoffrates on these figures, a yearly Cu flux ofapproximately 1,200 kg in Stockholm may bederived from copper coated building.     

The Role of Cloud Processing in the Relationship Between Wet Deposited Sulphur and Sulphur Dioxide Emissions

It is well established that wet deposition of sulphate in the UKhas fallen by a much smaller fraction than have emissions of sulphur dioxide. Dry deposition of sulphur has decreased in proportion to the decline in emissions. A number of suggestionshave been made which offer possible explanations for this non-linearity between emissions and wet deposition. In this paper amodel of the processing of sulphur dioxide by aqueous phase cloudchemistry in a cloudy boundary layer is presented. This work doesnot simulate all the details of the mechanisms by which sulphate is incorporated into precipitation. It does, however, explorethe non-linearity of this oxidation process. It is shown that theoxidation of sulphur dioxide, in these conditions, over the UK isdominated by oxidation by ozone. The rate of sulphate productionis then controlled by the availability of the one basic trace gasin the atmosphere ammonia. Using realistic concentrations of thereacting species this is found to simulate well the observed non-linearity. The model predicts that sulphate and sulphur dioxideconcentrations will be uncorrelated in the cloudy boundary layerbut that ammonium and sulphate will be well correlated. Fieldobservations at a cloudy site in Northern England are consistentwith these predictions.     

Parallel agent-based modeling of spatial opinion diffusion accelerated using graphics processing units

In this article, we describe a parallel agent-based model of spatial opinion diffusion that is driven by graphics processing units (GPUs). Modeling opinion exchange and diffusion across landscapes often involves the simulation of large numbers of geographically located individual decision-makers and a massive number of individual-level interactions. This simulation requires substantial computational power. GPU-enabled computing resources provide a massively parallel processing platform based on a fine-grained shared memory paradigm. This massively parallel processing platform holds considerable promise for meeting the computing requirement of agent-based models of spatial problems. In this article, we focus on the parallelization of an agent-based spatial opinion model using GPU technologies. We discussed key algorithms designed for parallel agent-based opinion modeling: including domain decomposition and mutual exclusion. Experiments conducted to examine computing performance show that GPUs provide a computationally efficient alternative to traditional parallel computing architectures and substantially accelerate agent-based models of large-scale opinion exchange among individual decision makers.     

卤制品加工废水处理工程改造与运行研究

由于产品品种的增加及生产规模的扩大,某食品加工企业原有生产废水处理设施不能满足现有的生产需求,对接纳的污水处理厂造成冲击。为此,首先对该厂废水进行详细分析,然后根据废水水质、水量特征,对现有废水处理工程进行改造,改造后的工程经半年的调试运行已顺利通过环保竣工验收。     

驾驶中使用手机对驾驶员行为安全绩效影响综述

驾驶中使用手机与交通事故之间存在着高度相关性。为揭示使用手机对驾驶行为安全绩效的影响,探索影响驾驶安全的理论机制,采取更有效的干预措施,结合近10 a来相关研究,综述了与驾驶安全密切相关的驾驶分心问题,主要包括:驾驶员分心的定义及其分类;使用手机对驾驶行为安全绩效的影响,如反应时(RT)、行车速度、路线保持和跟车距离;手机使用对驾驶员分心影响的理论机制,如信息加工理论和计划行为理论(TPB)。分析表明,使用手机会导致驾驶员的反应时延长15%～40%,驾驶路线发生明显偏移,对于行车速度减缓和跟车距离延长的假设需结合驾驶员主客观数据进行比较做进一步验证;驾驶过程中使用手机会增加驾驶员的认知负荷,TPB能够对使用手机行为进行有效的解释和预测,但对该理论中基于信念测量的研究还很少;除手机操作任务,影响驾驶员分心的其他操作任务还需做进一步的研究。     

进口废五金类加工利压定点企业管理研究

随着我国进口废物环境管理与政策的完善,进口废五金电器、废电线电缆、废电机定点加工利用企业管理逐步完善,但仍存在行业技术装备水平和管理规范性低等问题。本文详述了定点企业生产布局、生产设备、污染治理设施及管理制度的现状及存在问题,并提出相应的建议,为进1：2废五金类企业的发展提供指导依据。     

基于图像感兴趣区域融合特征的PM2.5浓度预测方法

通过图像预测PM_2.5浓度的准确性,在很大程度上取决于模型所选用的特征参数。为丰富特征参数的表达,设计了一种基于图像传统特征与深度特征充分融合的PM_2.5浓度预测方法。首先,根据不同PM_2.5浓度下的成像差异,选定图像感兴趣区域,解决图像尺寸过大导致的模型运算效率较低问题。然后,针对所选取的局部图像,利用传统图像处理方法手动设计并提取图像浅表视觉特征,同时利用卷积神经网络自动提取图像深层语义特征。最后,将两种特征融合,交由卷积神经网络的全连接层实现对PM_2.5浓度的回归预测。预测误差比对结果显示,相比使用单种特征,使用融合特征能够有效提高模型的预测性能。