基于珙桐保护与资源开发的思考——珙桐叶复合袋泡茶加工工艺研究

主要利用珙桐叶的抗癌、防癌、抗氧化等特性,结合传统中医理论,将其与绿茶、余甘子、甜叶茶进行科学配伍,对珙桐叶的复方袋泡茶加工工艺进行研究,期望通过对珙桐资源的开发来促进珙桐由被动保护向主动保护转变,从而达到生态效益与经济效益双赢的目的。     

Fate of PBDEs during food processing: Assessment of formation of mixed chlorinated/brominated diphenyl ethers and brominated dioxins/furans

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of food processing on PBDE levels, in particular influence of heat treatment on degradation of PBDEs, including possible formation of chlorinated diphenyl ethers or brominated dioxins/furans as degradation products. It was shown that PBDEs heated in the presence of chlorine (from either organic or inorganic sources) formed mixed chlorinated/brominated diphenyl ethers. However, no PCDEs were formed in the presence of lipids. Lipid medium increased stability of PBDEs exposed to UV irradiation. Profile of congeners formed in result of the debromination reaction was significantly different than profiles observed by some other authors in aliphatic organic solvents. Grilling processes increased concentrations (calculated on the fresh product basis) of the studied compounds by 4–8/22–34% for electric/coal grill, respectively. Depending on the congener and on the applied heat treatment, PBDE mass in pork meat after grilling dropped by 26–53%. No detectable quantities of either brominated dioxins or furans were formed during thermal processing of food containing typical levels of PBDEs.     

A potential new commercial method for processing leather to reduce environmental impact

INTRODUCTION: Current leather processing method involves dehairing and fibre opening employing lime and sulphide, which results in higher negative impact on the environment due to its uncleanness. This method of dehairing and fibre-opening process accounts for nearly 70-80% biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in tannery wastewater and also the generation of H(2)S gas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hence, an attempt has been made to reduce the environmental impact of the leather processing through a biochemical approach, employing proteolytic enzyme and sodium metasilicate for performing the above process more cleanly. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The developed process exhibits significant reduction in environmental parametres such as COD and total solid loads by 55% and 25%, respectively. This method completely avoids the formation of lime sludge. CONCLUSION: The functional properties of the leathers are also on par with conventionally processed leathers. Further, the process seems to be commercially viable.     

Monitoring Plant Phenology Using Digital Repeat Photography

Repeated observations of plant phenology have been shown to be important indicators of global change. However, capturing the exact date of key events requires daily observations during the growing season, making phenologic observations relatively labor intensive and costly to collect. One alternative to daily observations for capturing the dates of key phenologic events is repeat photography. In this study, we explored the utility of repeat digital photography for monitoring phenologic events in plants. We provide an illustration of this approach and its utility by placing observations made using repeat digital imagery in context with local meteorologic and edaphic variables. We found that repeat photography provides a reliable, consistent measurement of phenophase. In addition, digital photography offers advantages in that it can be mathematically manipulated to detect and enhance patterns; it can classify objects; and digital photographs can be archived for future analysis. In this study, an estimate of greenness and counts of individual flowers were extracted by way of mathematic algorithms from the photo time series. These metrics were interpreted using meteorologic measurements collected at the study site. We conclude that repeat photography, coupled with site-specific meteorologic measurements, could greatly enhance our understanding environmental triggers of phenologic events. In addition, the methods described could easily be adopted by citizen scientists and the general public as well as professionals in the field.     

基于偏最小二乘的絮体图像信息与水质的相关性

针对污水处理运行过程COD、BOD5、TN和TP实时测量的问题,提出一种基于絮体形态参数的偏最小二乘法模型.采用图像分析技术对污泥絮体形态特征进行提取,基于相关性从提取的形态参数和试验期间的运行参数中选择模型的输入变量,通过偏最小二乘法建立输入变量与4个水质指标的预测关系模型.结果表明,COD、BOD5、TN、TP的交...     

微波技术在废物处理中的应用

综述了微波在废物处理中的应用，主要介绍了微波加热的机理及特点，微波在处理放射性废物、废旧电路板、污泥、医疗垃圾、废轮胎中的应用，展望了微波技术在废物处理中的应用前景。     

中国大豆压榨企业空间格局及其演变机制

随着中国居民生活水平的不断提高,国内肉蛋奶的消费需求逐年增长,致使作为主要饲料蛋白原料的豆粕需求也不断增加。而豆粕是大豆压榨行业的主要产品,因此,大豆生产、大豆压榨、饲料生产和畜禽养殖组成了一个密切关联的产业系统,大豆原料生产与供给区分布、饲料生产和畜禽养殖业布局又会对大豆压榨行业空间格局的形成产生重要影响。以大豆压榨企业为研究对象,通过产业链视角,运用平均最近邻分析、核密度分析方法,研究了1996-2016年间中国大豆压榨企业的空间格局演变规律与集聚特征,然后构建了条件Logit模型探讨影响中国大豆压榨企业区位选择的主要因素。结果表明：中国大豆压榨企业空间集聚程度较高,自1996年以来,经历了从大豆主产区向沿海港口城市集聚再沿长江、哈大铁路、陇海铁路等交通运输线路扩散的演化特点。各地原料资源禀赋、运费成本、市场规模与潜力、集聚经济以及政府政策都会不同程度地影响中国大豆压榨企业的空间格局,并且不同时期影响大豆压榨企业空间格局的因素显著性及强度都会有所变化。2000-2005年原料资源禀赋、运输成本、豆粕市场规模以及集聚经济发挥着较大作用;2006-2010年间集聚经济和政府政策共同主导了大豆压榨企业的区位决策;2010年以后市场潜力与集聚不经济则表现出更强的作用。     

含未检出值的环境监测数据集的处理方法

环境样品分析过程中经常遇到包含未检出值的数据集,这在对含有微量金属和微量有机污染物样本的分析研究中更为常见.目前处理未检出数据的方法通常是忽略或者用0、检出下限的1/2或1/3进行简单替代.然而,当未检出数据比例较高时,忽略或简单替代可能给数据表征带来较大偏差,也不利于更深入的统计分析.为改善对包含未检出数据的分析效果,目前已经建立了多种统计方法.本文系统介绍了这些方法,包括总体均值和方差估计的参数和非参数方法以及关于均值的95%置信区间上界的估计方法.此外,本文利用虚拟数据和实测数据给出了主要方法的应用实例.     

生物接触氧化法处理水产品加工废水的设计及运行

采用生物接触氧化工艺处理水产品加工废水,设计能力400m3/d,废水进水水质CODCr为728~1176mg/L,运行稳定后,出水水质CODCr为92~140mg/L,CODCr去除率为85.2%~93.3%,出水水质稳定,达到(GB8978-1996)中的二级排放标准。运行1a来,剩余污泥产生量少,仅排除剩余污泥1次;废水处理成本为0.92元/m3。     

污染谷物中重金属的分布及加工过程的影响

对污染水稻、小麦和玉米籽实中 Cd、Pb、Cu的分布及加工过程的去除进行了研究 .结果表明 ,Cd、Pb、Cu在水稻、小麦和玉米籽实各形态结构中的浓度分布不均 ,胚中浓度显著高于胚乳 ,且皮层和颖壳中浓度也较高 .但从单位重量籽实中的 Cd、Pb、Cu总量分布看 ,胚乳中占据绝对优势 .稻、麦籽实中 3种元素的浓度随样品加工浓度的升级去除率增加 ,水稻中 Cd、Pb、Cu的去除率可达 24.10 %、56.93%和 41.00% ,小麦分别为 61.66%、81.27%、78.37% .