Ethical Tools to Support Systematic Public Deliberations about the Ethical Aspects of Agricultural Biotechnologies

This special issue of the Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics presents so-called ethical tools that are developed to support systematic public deliberations about the ethical aspects of agricultural biotechnologies. This paper firstly clarifies the intended connotations of the term “ethical tools” and argues that such tools can support liberal democracies to cope with the issues that are raised by the application of genetic modification and other modern biotechnologies in agriculture and food production. The paper secondly characterizes the societal discussion on agricultural biotechnology and defends the thesis that normative perspectives fuel this discussion, so one cannot come to grips with this discussion if one neglects these perspectives. The paper thirdly agrues that no such thing exists as “one” societal debate in which these issues should be discussed. There are several interwined debates, and different actors participate in different discourses. Some practical instruments are necessary in order to include the right issues in these debates. These instruments will be coined as “ethical tools,” since they are practical instruments that can be used (tools) in order to support debates and deliberative structures for a systematic engagement with ethical issues (hence, ethical tools). Finally, the paper clarifies the ethics of these ethical tools and presents the tools as discussed in the remainder of this special issue: 1) tools to include ethical issues in public consulation and involvement; 2) tools to support systematic reflection upon ethical issues in decision-making; and 3) tools to support explicit communication about values in the food chain.     

基于模糊聚类的生态功能区若干指标定量划分的研究

以江苏省沿东陇海线地区为研究区域,利用遥感与G IS工具,研究基于模糊聚类与若干定量指标的生态功能区划方法。该方法选取了5个指标用于区划过程,首先将研究区域分成5×5km大小的空间单元,并提取各单元属性数据生成属性矩阵,利用M atlab模糊逻辑工具箱对单元进行模糊聚类。参照聚类结果与其他资料进行了生态功能区划,并根据区划结果对各分区的产业发展与生态保护提出了建议。     

好氧/厌氧潜流湿地微生物多样性与净化能力的关系

好氧/厌氧多级串联潜流人工湿地对COD和NH4＋-N具有较高的去除率.为了探究该类型湿地高效去除污染物的具体机制,采用荧光素双醋酸酯（FDA）法、4,6-联脒—2-苯基吲哚（DAPI）法和BIOLOG法测定了人工湿地基质中微生物的活性、数量和代谢功能多样性,并分析其与水质净化能力之间的相关性.结果表明,沿水流方向,OA...     

Mass balance-based regression modeling of Cd and Zn accumulation in urban soils of Beijing

Accumulation of heavy metals in urban soil can pose adverse impacts on public health and terrestrial ecosystems. We developed a mass balance-based regression model to simulate the heavy metal accumulation in urban soils as a function of time and to explore connections between metal concentration and urbanization processes. Concentrations of Cd and Zn in 68 residential soil samples in the urban area of Beijing were used. The background concentrations, the loss rates and the input fluxes of Cd and Zn in urban soils of Beijing during the last three decades were estimated using a regression of the time series of accumulations of the metals. Based on the regression estimates, we simulated the general trends of Cd and Zn accumulation in the soils from 1978 to 2078. The concentrations of Cd and Zn in urban soil generally increased with the population growth, vehicle use and coal consumption. The mean concentrations of Cd and Zn in urban soil of Beijing would increase by 3 fold over the next 70 years for the current development scenario. The mass balance-based regression approach, which is able to reconstruct the history data of urban soil pollution, provides fundamental information for urban planning and environmental management.     

灰色综合评判法与大气环境质量评价

依据灰色理论中白化函数的构造原则和聚类原理，提出了灰色综合评判法，并以大气环境质量评价为例作了说明。该法以等斜率方式构造白化函数，拓展了白化函数中污染物浓度的取值范围，有较高的信息利用率。评价结果能同时给出各评价对象所属的污染级别和各评价对象之间环境质量的优劣，具有较强的实用性。     

谈绿色住区环境设计

未来的住区环境是绿色的,人类的取向与选择是生态的,绿色住区环境设计会使人类 拥有更加美好与广阔的绿色空间。     

安徽省沿江地区生态功能分区研究

在"中部崛起"战略和安徽省"沿江开发"战略的指引下,安徽沿江地区得以快速发展。合理划定区域生态功能区,确保经济发展与环境保护相协调具有重要现实意义。以GIS技术为支撑,从自然生态约束分区评价着手,以安徽沿江41个县市为基本单元,选择山地、水网、湿地、水环境容量等指标进行生态功能差异评价,经聚类归并以及兼顾功能区的完整连片,将安徽沿江地区划分为4个一级生态功能区1、4个二级生态功能区。安徽沿江地区生态功能分区对科学有效地管理安徽沿江生态环境,因地制宜地实施保护和治理策略,保证社会经济可持续发展,合理开发安徽沿江地区提供了研究支撑。     

DEHP与OVA联合染毒对小鼠肺功能和肺部IL-17表达的作用

为探讨邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(di-(2-ehtylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)在单独染毒和与卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)联合染毒条件下对小鼠气道的影响及其相关机制,将Balb/c小鼠随机分为:未处理对照组(生理盐水组)、DEHP染毒组、OVA染毒组、DEHP+ OVA联合染毒组(DEHP+ OVA),每组雄性Balb/c小鼠6只.用OVA致敏加激发的方式制作小鼠哮喘模型.DEHP染毒组每天给予10 mg·kg-1 DEHP灌胃,连续54 d.OVA染毒组、DEHP+ OVA染毒组小鼠均在第54～60 d(共计1周)进行1％ OVA雾化(30 min·d-1),每日1次,诱发哮喘.第60 d进行以下操作:肺功能测试,肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)样品收集和肺组织中的Interleukin-17A(IL-17A)含量的测定.结果显示,与DEHP染毒组相比,DEHP与OVA联合染毒组小鼠BALF的IL-17A显著增加(p＜0.05),肺功能降低(p＜0.05),气道重塑,肺部细胞浸润明显.提示DEHP对小鼠哮喘模型佐剂作用的分子机制可能涉及IL-17的介导作用.     

US/FeEDTA/H2O2协同降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚废水研究

采用US/FeEDTA/H2O2体系协同降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚废水.探讨了初始pH值、H2O2质量浓度、FeEDTA质量浓度、超声波功率以及壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的初始质量浓度对壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解效果的影响及FeEDTA/H2O2和超声波之间的协同效应.结果表明,US/FeEDTA/H2O2体系降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚废水时产生较强的协同作用,而不是简单的几何叠加.US/FeEDTA/H2O2体系对壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的去除率比超声波与FeEDTA/H2O2体系的几何叠加的去除率高出约60%.在pH=9、H2O2质量浓度250 kg/L、FeEDTA质量浓度100 mg/L、超声波功率600 W的条件下,对初始质量浓度为100 mg/L的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液降解2 h,其去除率在99%以上.     

人力资源管理在安全生产中的作用

针对导致事故发生的人的因素,从人力资源管理角度研究如何预防和控制事故,并探讨了方法,提出了有效措施,以构建企业和谐的安全生产环境,提高企业的安全管理水平,促进企业健康有序发展.