Environmental planning and management for the Assarawat highland region of south-western Saudi Arabia: the traditional versus the professional approach

The environmental planning and management of the Assarawat highlands of south-western Saudi Arabia are currently confronted by difficult problems. Deforestation is caused either by natural or intentional forces. Natural factors are limited to lightning fire and drought, while intentional forces include vandalism caused by the burning or cutting of preserved forests. Such vandalism continues despite the tremendous efforts of afforestation and preservation by several government agencies, especially the Ministry of Agriculture and Water, the National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development and by the municipalities of the cities and towns in the region. For centuries, local inhabitants of the Assarawat highlands have successfully established environmental planning and management strategies which balanced the settlements' growth and natural resource uses according to Islamic laws, and the tribal self-government of each settlement and tribal region. Following the establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932, the land management system started to change from tribal-based, where every tribe used to manage its local territory, to State authority. The creation of the State witnessed the unification of various fragmented tribes of Saudi Arabia into one government. This meant that environmental planning and management moved from local/regional towards a national control. This investigation proposes that the local/regional planning and management practised by the tribes could be viably utilized today. As in the past, the implementation of these practices could protect the natural environment of the locality and region and regularize their exploitation rationally, as long as vernacular people implement them. Today environmental planning and management need to be based on strategies of local requirements that enable the indigenous people to plan and manage the use of the resources.     

我国应急预案研究文献的定量分析

以同方知网的中国学术文献网络出版总库近10年所收录的应急预案研究文献为依据,运用文献计量学方法对应急预案研究文献的年代分布、来源分布、基金资助、著者情况、发文机构、引用次数及下载次数进行定性、定量统计分析,反映该研究领域的研究热点、发展趋势和研究动向,使研究者了解本领域研究热点、发展趋势和研究动向,为研究者科研选题提供参考信息。     

安全工程本科教育专业认证的方法与实践

简要介绍我国高等工程教育专业认证试点的发展状况和主要做法,详细阐述安全工程专业认证以学生为本的指导思想和以质量保证及质量改进为出发点的基本特点。在通用标准的基础上,在培养目标、课程设置专业实验、专业实践、学科基础实践和毕业论文5个方面细化了安全工程专业认证的补充标准,明确安全工程专业认证的基本流程。安全工程本科教育专业认证的方法与实践,对于促进高等学校安全工程教育与注册安全工程师制度的相互衔接和质量的提高,促进我国的注册安全工程师制度与国际接轨有着重要的作用。     

计算机辅助HAZOP技术的研究

在HAZOP原理的基础上,讨论了计算机辅助HAZOP技术的优势,并针对传统的HAZOP、基于深层知识模型SDG的计算机辅助HAZOP和应用PHA-Pro软件3种方法进行了分析和比较;介绍了研发成功的针对开、停车过程和应急阶段顺序颠倒、操作步骤遗漏的人工误操作危险与可操作性分析系统MO-HAZOP;该系统具有定量计算出所有的人工误操作顺序组合的发生概率值,结合现有知识和专家经验,判定事件发生的风险等级,从而有重点地给出预防危险、保障生产安全的建议的功能;MO-HAZOP分析系统对于石化企业的安全生产具有重要意义。     

高职英语教学与学生职业素质的培养

长期以来,我国教育领域各层次的外语教学普遍使用单一的教学内容,教学理念、方法和手段落后,考核形式单一。高职院校只有改革英语教学内容,丰富教学方法和手段,采用多元化的考核方式,更新人才引进观念,在教学中注重学生职业素质的培养,才能使高职英语教学真正体现出职业教育特色。     

公共安全科技及其学科分类的九宫格模型

为促进公共安全科技及其学科的可持续发展,很有必要对其科技和学科进行科学分类。本文从科学学的视角,依据大交叉综合学科由学科科学、专业科学和应用科学上中下游三层次组成的理论,构建一个能够简洁表达公共安全科技及其学科分类的九宫格模型,该模型使庞大的公共安全科技及其学科有了相对明确的层次和类型,可以表征公共安全的主体科技及其学科、相邻科技及其学科和外延科技及其学科之间的关系,也可以推广应用到公共管理、公共卫生、应急等领域的科技及其学科的分类。研究结果表明,该模型具有普适性价值,可为未来公共安全科技及其学科的有序发展提供理论参考。     

Practical Science Communication Strategies for Graduate Students

Development of skills in science communication is a well‐acknowledged gap in graduate training, but the constraints that accompany research (limited time, resources, and knowledge of opportunities) make it challenging to acquire these proficiencies. Furthermore, advisors and institutions may find it difficult to support graduate students adequately in these efforts. The result is fewer career and societal benefits because students have not learned to communicate research effectively beyond their scientific peers. To help overcome these hurdles, we developed a practical approach to incorporating broad science communication into any graduate‐school time line. The approach consists of a portfolio approach that organizes outreach activities along a time line of planned graduate studies. To help design the portfolio, we mapped available science communication tools according to 5 core skills essential to most scientific careers: writing, public speaking, leadership, project management, and teaching. This helps graduate students consider the diversity of communication tools based on their desired skills, time constraints, barriers to entry, target audiences, and personal and societal communication goals. By designing a portfolio with an advisor's input, guidance, and approval, graduate students can gauge how much outreach is appropriate given their other commitments to teaching, research, and classes. The student benefits from the advisors’ experience and mentorship, promotes the group's research, and establishes a track record of engagement. When graduate student participation in science communication is discussed, it is often recommended that institutions offer or require more training in communication, project management, and leadership. We suggest that graduate students can also adopt a do‐it‐yourself approach that includes determining students’ own outreach objectives and time constraints and communicating these with their advisor. By doing so we hope students will help create a new culture of science communication in graduate student education. Estrategias Prácticas para la Comunicación Científica para Estudiantes de Posgrado     

高职环保类专业职业技能培养课程体系开发

课程体系是高职专业办出特色、持续发展的载体。针对高职环保类专业人才培养存在课程体系不合理、实践教学薄弱、职业技能培养方法陈旧等问题，以职业岗位需求为基础，以职业技能培养为主线，构建了以实际污染治理项目为载体的高职环保类专业职业课程体系和职业核心课程。通过职业核心课程建设、双师型师资队伍建设、校内外实训基地建设等措施实现职业技能的培养。     

如何提高高校教师的课堂管理能力

教师课堂管理水平的高低直接决定着课堂教学的效果和成败.因而最大限度地调动学生课堂学习的自主性,有效地维持学生的适宜行为,保持良好的课堂秩序,科学的组织教学内容,创造良好的教学环境,并且不断提高教师的自身素质.从而达到促进教学改革,提高教学质量的目的.