基于API极限工况下修井机井架强度计算研究

为研究井架在复杂工况下的强度与安全问题,以现场使用的350型修井机井架为研究对象,采用数值模拟对井架进行参数化建模;按照极限作业工况下24种组合载荷对井架进行强度分析,得出操作工况、非预期工况和可预期工况下井架的最大变形和应力云图;提取计算井架构件UC值的相关数据,对井架进行强度、刚度和整体安全性校核。结果表明:井架在常规风力作用下,最大钩载作业工况为其主要受力工况,此时井架最大等效应力小于许用应力,可满足安全需求;在相关工况中,井架的最大等效应力集中出现在上下体连接处、二层台和底部大腿处,计算井架构件各工况下的UC值均小于许用最大UC值,表明井架结构综合强度足够,满足API标准使用要求。     

‘It's off to work we go!’ Person–environment fit and turnover intentions in managerial and administrative mining personnel

Purpose. Person–environment fit asserts that incompatibility between an employee and aspects of their work environment is more likely to lead to occupational stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact that varying levels of person–environment fit had on key criterion outcomes including work engagement, work-related wellbeing and turnover intentions in a unique sample of managerial and administrative mining personnel. Method. An online self-report survey was distributed to an Australian mining organization by the company’s Chief Executive Officer. Anonymous survey links were sent to staff, of which 118 participants responded. The survey consisted of previously validated measures. Results. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed significant relationships between abilities–demand fit, needs–supply fit and work engagement. Additionally, work-related wellbeing was significantly associated with increased person–organization fit and needs–supply fit. However, only needs–supply fit had a significant negative relationship with turnover intentions. Needs–supply fit significantly predicted all criterion variables. Conclusions. This study found that personal need fulfilment through work-related activities had the most significant impact on work-related wellbeing and work engagement. Personal need fulfilment through work also produced the most significant negative relationship with turnover intentions.     

A pre/post evaluation of fatigue,stress and vigilance amongst commercially licensed truck drivers performing a prolonged driving task

Purpose. The main purpose of this research study was to evaluate changes in fatigue, stress and vigilance amongst commercially licensed truck drivers involved in a prolonged driving task. The secondary purpose was to determine whether a new ergonomic seat could help reduce both physical and cognitive fatigue during a prolonged driving task. Two different truck seats were evaluated: an industrial standard seat and a new truck seat prototype. Methods. Twenty male truck drivers were recruited to attend two testing sessions, on two separate days, with each session randomized for seat design. During each session, participants performed two 10-min simulated driving tasks. Between simulated sessions, participants drove a long-haul truck for 90 min. Fatigue and stress were quantified using a series of questionnaires whereas vigilance was measured using a standardized computer test. Results. Seat interactions had a significant effect on fatigue patterns. Conclusion. The new ergonomic seat design holds potential in improving road safety and vehicle accidents due to fatigue-related accidents.     

Value congruence,control, sense of community and demands as determinants of burnout syndrome among hospitality workers

Employees working in the hospitality industry are constantly exposed to occupational stressors that may lead employees into experiencing burnout syndrome. Research addressing the interactive effects of control, community and value congruence to alleviate the impact of workplace demands on experiencing burnout is relatively limited. The present study examined relationships among control, community and value congruence, workplace demands and the three components of burnout. A sample of 418 employees working in a variety of hospitality associations including restaurants and hotels in Spain were recruited. Moderation analyses and linear regressions analyzed the predictive power of control, community and value congruence as moderating variables. Results indicate that control, community and value congruence were successful buffers in the relationships between workplace demands and the burnout dimensions. The present findings offer suggestions for future research on potential moderating variables, as well as implications for reducing burnout among hospitality employees.     

You want me to do what? Two daily diary studies of illegitimate tasks and employee well‐being

Illegitimate tasks, a recently introduced occupational stressor, are tasks that violate norms about what an employee can reasonably be expected to do. Because they are considered a threat to one's professional identity, we expected that the daily experience of illegitimate tasks would be linked to a drop in self‐esteem and to impaired well‐being. We report results of two daily diary studies, one in which 57 Swiss employees were assessed twice/day and one in which 90 Americans were assessed three times/day. Both studies showed that illegitimate tasks were associated with lowered state self‐esteem. Study 1 demonstrated that high trait self‐esteem mitigated that relationship. Study 2 showed that illegitimate tasks were associated with not only lowered state self‐esteem but also lower job satisfaction and higher anger and depressive mood, but not anger or job satisfaction remained elevated until the following morning. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

油气管道盗孔补板修复结构强度分析

运用非线性有限元计算方法,对管道补板结构在内压载荷作用下的应力状态进行分析,研究管道补板修复结构的承压薄弱点与最优修复尺寸。研究结果表明,补板结构导致管道开孔附近区域内应力分布不均匀,出现局部应力集中现象;补板结构的危险区为补板与管体交界处45°~90°局部范围;与管道壁厚相近的补板壁厚和3倍孔径的补板长度具有更佳的修复效果。     

大口径高温高压管道下沉分析

以某电厂的主蒸汽管道为例,对其支吊架进行冷、热态检验,发现炉侧连续恒力吊架冷态时指针卡死下极限位置,热态时实际垂直热位移值较小,与设计严重不符。根据现场情况和应力计算结果综合分析,发现管道壁厚存在严重误差导致管道下沉。针对以上情况,首次提出了支吊架配置改造方案需要考虑的4个方面,给解决此类问题提供帮助。     

建筑事故应激生理反应基础实验研究

拟通过事故应激和生理指标测量来定量评估建筑个体的应急素质。通过实验测量个体应激前后生理指标的变化情况,创新提出个体事故应激反应计算公式,定量计算出个体应激反应大小,并探讨其和性别及有无专业知识背景的关系。结果发现,所有4个生理指标实验后与前相比均发生非常显著的变化(P0.01),其中心率、收缩压、舒张压均升高,鼻尖皮温降低。男性的应激反应程度显著小于女性(P0.05),有安全专业知识背景的个体应激反应非常显著地小于没有安全专业知识背景的(P0.01)。研究结果还可以用来对个体的应激反应水平进行区间划分,以进行有针对性的培训和合理的岗位匹配。     

水动力条件对全程自养脱氮工艺启动研究

CANON工艺需要部分短程硝化提供亚硝酸盐,所以CANON工艺存在溶解氧难控制的问题,特别是在反应器较小的情况。本文采用设有挡板的改良SBR,通过机械搅拌形成剧烈水流搅动,精确控制溶解氧,研究了不同搅拌速率对CANON工艺启动的影响。结果表明,机械曝气能成功启动了CANON工艺,且获得平均总氮去除率达79.40%,剪切应力的提高有利于脱氮性能的提升,机械曝气启动方式相比于鼓风曝气更加容易控制。     

A multilevel perspective of interpersonal trust: Individual,dyadic, and cross‐level predictors of performance

While it is generally known that interpersonal trust facilitates individual functioning, few studies have examined the role of specific features of the interpersonal trust network — individual, dyadic, third‐party, and network‐level features — on individual performance. We adopt a multilevel perspective of interpersonal trust to examine how individuals' performance is not only predicted by their individual‐level centrality in the interpersonal trust network but also moderated, at the network level, by the overall centralized nature of that network. Further, we examine whether mutual trust relationships at the dyadic level, as well as shared trust ties to common third parties, can predict individuals' performance. We test our hypotheses with 206 members in 15 professional networking groups and find that interpersonal trust operates at multiple levels to predict members' performance in terms of generating income from business referrals. These findings provide theoretical and practical implications on how interpersonal trust relationships operate and can be managed for performance gains. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.