热塑性成形唯象应力-应变本构方程

在高温实验基础上,提出一种建立材料高温塑性成形全过程的唯象本构关系的方法,获得42CrMo及T3两种典型材料的热塑性加工过程应力-应变本构方程。为材料成形工艺及数值模拟提供不可缺少的基本保障条件。     

氧化胁迫对沉水植物黑藻抗冷力的影响

以3种不同质量浓度的H2O2分别对沉水植物黑藻做3种不同程度的氧化胁迫预处理,再经冷胁迫后测定黑藻顶枝的膜脂过氧化程度(MDA含量)、细胞抗氧化酶(SOD,CAT)活性.结果发现低浓度氧化胁迫预处理(0.06mmol/L的H2O2浸泡4或6 h预处理组)的黑藻经冷胁迫处理后,成活率不降低,其膜脂过氧化程度和细胞抗氧化酶的活性还有提高;而经中、高浓度氧化胁迫预处理(0.60mmol/L的H2O2浸泡6和12 h预处理组或1.00mmol/L的H2O2浸泡4,6和12 h预处理组)后的黑藻在冷胁迫处理后的结果则相反.因此,沉水植物黑藻对氧化胁迫感知并做出反应的机制(氧化应激机制),在其对低温反应和适应过程中起着很重要的调节作用.建议早春时节在进行水生植物恢复过程中可采用适宜浓度的H2O2预处理植株,以提高植株的适应性和保持成活率,进一步提高水生植物恢复的效率和效果.     

镉胁迫下植物的应答和调控

镉对植物引起的氧化胁迫是Cd毒害的重要原因之一.本文综述了Cd诱导植物氧化胁迫效应的机理以及植物对Cd氧化胁迫的相应防御反应,如抗氧化物质、抗氧化保护酶系统等,并介绍了缓解Cd诱导的氧化胁迫的机理和途径.     

大型圆形储水池池壁竖向裂缝成因的探讨

大型圆形贮水池如不设变形缝则普遍存在着池壁竖向产生裂缝的现象 ,本文结合一实例分析池壁产生裂缝的原因 ,提出设计时应当注意的问题和可采取的相应措施。     

Environmentally stratified sampling design for the development of Great Lakes environmental indicators

Understanding the relationship between human disturbance and ecological response is essential to the process of indicator development. For large-scale observational studies, sites should be selected across gradients of anthropogenic stress, but such gradients are often unknown for a population of sites prior to site selection. Stress data available from public sources can be used in a geographic information system (GIS) to partially characterize environmental conditions for large geographic areas without visiting the sites. We divided the U.S. Great Lakes coastal region into 762 units consisting of a shoreline reach and drainage-shed and then summarized over 200 environmental variables in seven categories for the units using a GIS. Redundancy within the categories of environmental variables was reduced using principal components analysis. Environmental strata were generated from cluster analysis using principal component scores as input. To protect against site selection bias, sites were selected in random order from clusters. The site selection process allowed us to exclude sites that were inaccessible and was shown to successfully distribute sites across the range of environmental variation in our GIS data. This design has broad applicability when the goal is to develop ecological indicators using observational data from large-scale surveys.     

Psychosocial risks in small enterprises: the mediating role of perceived working conditions in the relationship between enterprise size and workers’ anxious or depressive episodes

Purpose. The relationship between enterprise size and psychosocial working conditions has received little attention so far but some findings suggest that conditions are more favorable in small enterprises. This could have a positive impact on workers’ mental health. The objective of this study was to test the mediating effect of perceived working conditions in the relationship between enterprise size and anxious or depressive episodes. Methods. Data from the 2010 SUMER – Surveillance Médicale des Expositions aux Risques professionnels (French periodical cross-sectional survey) were analyzed; N?=?31,420 for the present study. Anxious or depressive episodes were measured with the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the perceived working conditions were psychological demand, decision latitude and social support as assessed with Karasek's job content questionnaire. The indirect effect was tested according to the method proposed by Preacher and Hayes. Results. In a multivariate logistic regression, the risk of anxious or depressive episodes was found to be lower in micro enterprises (2–9 employees). Formal tests pointed to a significant indirect effect of enterprise size on mental health through perceived working conditions, with a larger effect for psychological demand. Conclusion. This study highlights perceived working conditions as an explanation of the effects of enterprise size.     

应急管理职业体系重构与建设探析

应急管理部的组建对应急管理人才队伍的职业体系建设提出新要求。依据2015年版《中华人民共和国职业分类大典》的职业分类对目前应急管理相关22个职业进行梳理,经分析职业分类存在职业划分粗细不均、职业重复交叉、职业内容遗漏、职业标准不规范等问题,针对其产生的原因提出职业体系重构与建设近期和远期的工作建议。     

平顶山东部矿区地应力场特征及其对煤与瓦斯突出的影响

为了研究平顶山东部矿区地应力场特征,以及地应力对煤与瓦斯突出的影响,利用地应力实测资料,运用理论分析和数理统计计算相结合的方法,系统研究了东部矿区地应力的分布规律;并且进行了地应力区块划分,揭示了东部矿区地应力在突出中的作用。结果表明:1)东部矿区地应力场以水平构造应力为主,最大主应力方向为NEE-SWW向,最大水平主应力百米梯度为5.4 MPa左右,该区域内集聚了较高的水平构造应力,应力场类型为大地动力场;2)依据最大水平主应力随埋深增加而增大的应力梯度线,将东部矿区划分为应力升高区和应力梯度区;3)应力升高区由于地应力集中,提供了突出的动力,构造煤的发育则减少了突出阻力,造成了该区域频繁发生突出事故,突出的主导因素为地应力。     

某系列飞机中央翼第三墙外置机匣接耳应力腐蚀裂纹的成因与预防

目的分析某系列飞机中央翼第三墙外置机匣接耳应力腐蚀裂纹的成因,并进行有针对性的预防。方法对发生裂纹的接耳进行端口检测,并对应力腐蚀条件和腐蚀环境进行分析。结果7B04铝合金在Cl-、超过应力腐蚀门槛值的应力和锻件夹杂的共同作用下,在表面氧化膜破裂的酸性环境下发生应力腐蚀。结论应当改进飞机修理过程中的工艺方法,并对接耳设计进行适当的修改。     

某型胶粘剂加速贮存试验及寿命评估

目的评估某型胶粘剂的寿命。方法通过恒定应力试验方法对某胶粘剂进行三个不同应力量级的高温加速贮存试验。结果胶粘剂在100,80,60℃三种高温老化温度下的老化90 d后的剪切强度均明显大于初始剪切强度12.225 MPa。结论高温老化过程中,胶粘剂发生了明显的退化现象。温度越高,性能退化越快。由性能退化曲线拟合得到了胶粘剂高温老化的加速因子,评估了胶粘剂的常温贮存寿命至少为17.1年。