轴向约束钢柱温度应力影响因素研究

建筑结构多为超静定结构.火灾条件下,组成结构的各构件在受到不均匀温度作用时,构件内将会产生温度应力.温度应力增加了构件的作用荷载,并影响受火钢柱的稳定性,是导致约束钢柱屈服破坏的主要原因.根据文献分析,轴向约束钢柱的温度应力影响因素主要有轴向约束刚度、长细比、初应力水平和构件升温.采用试验方法研究各因素对约束钢柱温度应力的影响规律.在温度应力增长阶段,构件所产生的温度应力与构件的温度升高值之间为线性关系,温度越高,温度应力越大.温度应力随轴向约束刚度和长细比的增大而增大;初应力水平越高,温度应力值越小.初应力水平的大小不影响温度应力的增长,但决定构件何时进入塑性状态.     

Tomato microtubule-associated protein end-binding protein 1 (EB1) mediates tolerance to salt stress北大核心CSCD

The dynamics of microtubules is regulated mainly by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and plays an important role in plant development and response to environmental signals. End-binding protein 1 (EB1) is a MAP specially binding to the microtubule plus end. Blast search of tomato genome showed two EB1 genes, which were named as SlEB1a (Solyc03g116370) and SlEB1b (Solyc02g092950) in this study. Transgenic tomato plants over-expressing SlEB1a or RNA interfering both SlEB1a and SlEB1b were constructed, and their sensitivity to microtubule depolymerization drug propyzamide and salt stress were analyzed. In this study, we determined the role of tomato EB1 (SlEB1) in the response to salt stress. Compared to the wild-type control plants, OE plants were more sensitive to 1 μmol/L propyzamide, whereas RNAi plants were more tolerant to 1 μmol/L propyzamide; in contrast, OE plants were more tolerant to 100 mmol/L NaCl, whereas RNAi plants were more sensitive to 100 mmol/L NaCl. Thus, SlEB1 might positively regulate salt stress response by negatively regulating the dynamics of tomato cortical microtubules. This study forms a basis for how cortical microtubule dynamics plays a role in plant response to salt stress. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

PFOS致大鼠肝毒性及其作用机制研究

通过全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluomoctane sultanate,PFOS)大鼠灌胃染毒实验评价PFOS对肝功能的影响,探讨PFOS肝毒性反应的潜在机制与可能途径。将Sprague Dawley (SD)雄性大鼠随机分为3组,分别以0 mg·kg~(-1)、5 mg·kg~(-1)和10 mg·kg~(-1)PFOS灌胃染毒28 d。以HE和油红染色法观察大鼠肝脏形态改变。ELISA法测定各组谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)含量变化。化学比色法测定肝匀浆脂代谢水平和氧化产物含量。RT-PCR法检测肝脏内氧化应激以及脂代谢相关基因表达水平。结果表明,PFOS暴露大鼠体重显著降低而肝脏系数显著增加(P0.05),与对照组相比PFOS组血清肝功能酶均出现随PFOS浓度增加而升高(P0.05)。同时大鼠肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-px)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)水平在高剂量组显著升高(P0.05),超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)含量先显著升高(P0.05)后显著降低(P0.05)。且肝脏中脂代谢水平也随PFOS浓度的增加而出现显著改变(P0.05)。PFOS组基因表达均较对照组显著上升(P0.05)。以上结果说明PFOS具有明显的肝毒性作用,可影响肝脂代谢水平,这可能与PFOS引起的氧化应激所导致的损伤有关。     

运用量纲分析探究爆炸应力波在中远区岩石中的衰减规律

在国内外关于爆炸应力波衰减规律研究成果的基础上,运用量纲分析方法推导得出爆炸应力波在中远区岩石中的一般衰减模型。以青海威斯特德尔尼露天铜矿地质数据为背景,借助LS-DYNA大型动力有限元程序建立双台阶模型进行求解运算,得到监测点应力数据,由数据分布规律确定应力波衰减公式,同时,将求解结果用于拟合推导得出的一般衰减模型,从而得到模拟原型-青海威斯特德尔尼露天矿台阶爆破中远区岩体应力衰减公式。拟合结果表明:运用量纲分析方法推导得出的爆炸应力波一般衰减模型能有效反映应力波在岩石中的衰减规律。     

基于参考应力法的海底腐蚀管道剩余强度评价

在役海底管道所处海洋环境恶劣,管道发生腐蚀后剩余强度降低。为了更加准确地计算管道的剩余强度,基于ANSYS非线性有限元模拟,采用参考应力法,研究了参考应力分别为(SMYS+SMTS)/2,1.1SMYS,SMYS+69,0.8SMTS,0.9SMTS,SMTS的海底管道剩余强度,将结果与爆破实验数据作对比,提出了参考应力和流变应力取值的推荐算法。研究结果表明,在海底腐蚀管道剩余强度有限元分析中,对于X46,X60和X80管道,建议分别使用(SMYS+SMTS)/2,0.9SMTS和SMTS作为参考应力;推荐使用(SMYS+SMTS)/2, SMYS+69和 1.1SMYS三者中的最大值作为流变应力。     

哈密地区生态保护可持续发展对策分析

哈密地区自然条件十分脆弱,长期以来重开发、轻保护,资源开发和经济增长方式粗放,使生态系统遭到破坏。为把生态保护置于新疆经济社会可持续发展的基础性地位,提出了生态保护的重点和难点,并对此制定出生态保护的对策。     

煤田采空区对地面地震动的影响

研究了煤田采空区对地面地震动的影响以及采空巷道的动应力分布。采空巷道用地表下圆孔来近似模拟,入射波场为造成较大震害的SH波。该问题采用镜像法求解,利用波函数展开和内域型Graf加法公式将解答归结为一组无穷代数方程组的求解,截断该无穷代数方程组可求得该问题的数值结果。最后,通过算例考虑了圆孔的动应力集中和地表动位移。结果表明,圆孔的动应力集中和地表的位移取决于入射波频率、角度和圆孔半径、埋深。该研究结果为煤田采空区的地震安全工作提供有益的参考。     

预应力混凝土桥梁腐蚀后的受力性能分析

结合某铁路大桥预应力钢丝锈断后梁体的受力性能分析,对预应力混凝土桥梁腐蚀后的耐久性评估方法进行了探讨。首先,用静载试验加载方法对腐蚀梁体进行了实桥试验,分别对每孔2片T型梁的跨中挠度、支座压缩量、跨中及L/4截面混凝土应力、内梁预应力钢丝锈断截面处的混凝土应力进行了测试;然后,对受腐蚀预应力混凝土桥梁进行了有限元分析。介绍了正常梁体和腐蚀梁体的有限元模型、有限元网格剖分建立。在预应力梁体的耐久性分析中,应重点考虑预应力筋锈蚀的影响,并给出了预应力筋的简化分析模型。通过对梁体有限元计算结果和试验值的比较,验证了计算模型基本上能准确地反映梁体的受力情况,说明可以采用有限元方法对预应力混凝土桥梁腐蚀后的耐久性进行评估。     

工作面水力卸压防突作用的数值模拟

为进一步摸清水力卸压的防突作用原理,笔者用UDEC软件对张集煤矿7353工作面水力卸压措施进行了数值模拟。先介绍水力卸压技术及模拟工作面概况,后通过确定几何模型及单元划分、边界条件及初始应力场、力学模型、开挖模型、水力卸压后相关参数等环节进行数值模拟和分析,与此同时,通过测定现场水力卸压后的煤体位移并与数值模拟对照,验证数值模拟方法的正确性。从模拟及现场结果看,水力卸压后的煤壁位移量加大,塑性区范围增大,应力集中程度下降,集中应力深移,卸压带加长,降低了工作面前方煤体的弹性潜能,增加了煤层透气系数及煤体颗粒运动的阻力,从而起到预防突出的作用。     

Farming and Landscape Management: How French Farmers are Coping with the Ecologization of Their Activities

In Europe, an increasing share of public subsidies for food production is being transferred towards the production of goods and environmental services. Today, farmers hesitate between the quest for technical and economic performance, which has been the paradigm of their professional activities since the 1960s, on one hand, and taking account of the environmental concerns that have been imposed since the middle of the 80s, on the other. Is it possible for farmers to continue to work according to the paradigm of the producer of agri-food goods, and how do they react to the ecologization of their activities? In this paper, we will see the difficulties and sources of tension induced by landscape maintenance in the daily professional practice of the farmers. We will see that the professional identity of the farmers is profoundly brought into question by these changes (substitution of strictly “agricultural issues” by more general concerns such as “rural issues,” substitution of the farmer by the “ecologized” peasant...). The topic of landscape reveals social strains between farmers. It also raises the question of the legitimacy of farmers to define the sense of their activities by themselves. Finally we will see that environmental orientations do not systematically open up new prospects for all farmers; they sometimes contribute to increase the inequalities between farmers (financial support proportional to land property, marginalization of farmers who are less socially integrated...).