矿工工作应激与对策探讨

工作应激对煤矿工人的影响是导致煤矿安全管理事故发生的主要原因,所以,煤矿工人的工作应激是一个亟待解决的问题。通过文献的搜集和访谈,与其他职业压力源的比较分析,并结合矿工这一职业的特点,第一,界定煤矿工人工作应激的概念;第二,从工作特征、组织因素、社会因素和个人特征4个大的方面来全面地分析矿工工作应激的来源;第三,依据工作应激的来源,从个人、组织和社会3个层面来探讨矿工工作应激的解决对策。为煤矿安全管理及维护矿工身心健康提供一定的依据。     

城市生活垃圾发酵制肥

本文以国内外的工程实践为基础,从技术和经济角度介绍城市生活垃圾中的可腐有机物发酵制肥的基本原理、好氧和厌氧发酵技术的工艺特点、适应条件、建设投资、资源回收和环境影响等。建议在我国经济发达的城市推广应用厌氧发酵制肥技术。     

新型控失型肥料应用推广中存在的问题与对策研究

农业化肥的使用量持续增加,化肥过量使用导致的面源污染日益严重.科学的选择适当的肥料,可以有效地控制肥料使用量,从而控制农业化肥面源污染.控失型肥料是一种优质高效的新型环保型肥料,具有长效、增产、环保和节本省时等优点.农业生产过程中广泛应用控失型肥料可以有效降低农业化肥面源污染,实现农业生态、经济和社会效益有机统一.分析了控失型肥料推广应用中存在的问题,并提出保证其在农业生产中广泛推广的对策.     

医用血透信息化管理与环境污染管控作用研究

医用血透垃圾中含有的传染性物质、有毒有害物质等,会对环境造成极大的污染.为缓解该现象,分析血透垃圾对环境的影响,应用C/S与B/S相结合的结构,设计系统框架,利用超五类线,划分专用的虚拟子网,结合移动护理平台,完成医用血透信息化管理系统的建立.设计对比实验证明,应用本文所提出系统,可减少医用血透垃圾中传染性物质含量、提高回收利用率,减轻对环境的污染.     

Growth promotion and disease prevention effects of streptomyces on Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch ex N.E.Br北大核心CSCD

This study aimed to evaluate the disease antagonism and seed growth promotion effects of streptomyces on Amorphophallus konjac by agar block and axenic fermentation extract experiments. Pot experiments were taken to assess relative biocontrol effiency and effect of streptomyce preparation M (mixture of S. carnosus and S. pactum in solid-state fermentation with 1:1 ratio) on biomass, photosynthetic rate, yield and corm quality of A. konjac K. Koch ex N.E.Br. Results showed that: 1 Streptomyces Act12 had obvious antagonistic activity against six soft rot pathogens, and the diameter of growth inhibition zones ranged from 19.4 to 31.6 mm. Fermentation filtrate of streptomyces exhibited growth-promoting activity on melon seed germination and seedling growth. 2 Streptomyce-derived viable preparations had biocontrol effect on A. konjac regarding soft rot-disease prevention. In the pot experiment, individual inoculation of preparations achieved 65.0% relative biocontrol effect on A. konjac during the harvest stage. After 10 and 20 days of inoculation combined with Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (a bacterial pathogen), the relative biocontrol effiency of streptomyces were 100.0% and 58.4%, respectively. 3 Streptomyces showed obvious growth-promoting effect on growth and yield of A. konjac. In the pot experiment, combined inoculation of streptomyces and Pectobacterium chrysanthemi significantly increased the petiole diameter by 11.1%, net photosynthetic rate by 111.7%, fresh weight of corm by 54.8%, fresh weight of rhizome by 304.2%, and the number of rhizomes by 200.0%, compared with individual inoculation of Pectobacterium chrysanthemi. 4 Individual inoculation with streptomyces improved corm quality of A. konjac. The contents of glucomannan, starch and cellulose significantly increased by 14.0%, 8.1% and 27.7%, respectively compared with control (P < 0.05) . This study indicates that streptomyces promotes the growth of A. konjac, enhances the yield and the content of glucomannan, and at the same time helps disease prevention of A. konjac.     

The geo-genetic status of earthquake-related hazards and the role of human and policy dimensions in impact mitigation

ABSTRACT

Earthquakes occur in and around active lithospheric-plate margins that are located both in diverging and converging plate-settings. New fault rupture or old active fault reactivation can cause ground shaking, land deformation, land subsidence, landslides, and mass avalanches. The relevant locations of major risk centres around the world are well known. However, the parameters such as trend, pattern, frequency and magnitude are highly variable and very difficult to determine and predict. One result is that many fundamental and universal scientific achievements for mitigating earthquake hazard have often failed in protecting and safe-guarding human life and property. Although naturally occurring events cannot be prevented nevertheless loss of life and property damage could be minimized if an integrated effort and using the wisdom of the relevant professionals are practiced. A paradigm shift of the culture from post-disaster relief and rehabilitation to pre-disaster preparation and practice would reduce the level of destruction from an impending earthquake. Requisite pre-disaster physical planning and appropriate building measures, and pre- and post-disaster risk management should give special attention to public awareness programmes for loss mitigation. However, the fundamental requirement for such achievement is dedicated approach and commitment from the planner, practitioners and end-users of risk mitigation actions.     

生态环境损害赔偿磋商第三人的角色失调与定位——基于15省份磋商办法与十大典型案例的分析

要发挥生态环境损害公私法协同治理的效应,在公法救济上需要明确第三人在磋商中的定位。从15省份磋商办法以及十大典型案例看,磋商第三人存在着法律性质不明、参与方式失灵、参与效力不足三方面问题。在法治化轨道路径上,可以将磋商第三人类型分为技术专家、其他机关、利益相关者,其法律性质应分别确定为“智囊团”、协助者或监督者、监督者。参与方式上应将技术专家和利益相关者规定为应当参与人、其他机关规定为可以参与人,以此细化参与方式和参与环节。参与效力上应在区别三者功能和作用的基础上,分别规定其意见表达对于磋商结果的约束力。     

自然环境试验元数据体系研究

目的 形成自然环境试验元数据体系,为数据资源提供完备的描述及合理的规则规范,为数据库设计开发、数据挖掘分析、数据共建共享等提供支持。方法 针对自然环境试验专业特点、数据类型以及应用需求,借鉴其他领域的元数据标准规范,梳理分析自然环境试验涉及的数据特征元素集合,划分自然环境试验元数据类别,评估元数据作用,形成自然环境试验元数据体系。结果 形成了覆盖数据集描述信息、要素参数信息、数据质量信息、维护信息、限制信息、数据集分发信息、元数据参考信息、数据应用成果信息共8个类别的自然环境试验元数据体系。结论 自然环境试验元数据具有资源描述、数据选择、信息检索、管理溯源、解释分析、储存入库等作用,为数据有效管理和共建共享提供了基础。本文提出的元数据体系为自然环境试验元数据标准提供了参考思路。     

Protecting the environment through public procurement: The case of South Africa

This article deals with the use of the procurement or purchasing power of governments to protect the environment. The focus is on South Africa and the aim is to show that South African organs of state can use procurement as an environmental policy tool to contribute to sustainable development as they have commendably done so to address past discriminatory policies and practices. It is argued that such use does not fall outside the current legislative framework governing procurement and suggestions are made as to how environmental considerations could be incorporated throughout the procurement process, namely the preparatory stage; the drawing up of tender or technical specifications; ensuring the capability or responsibility of contractors; the use of criteria to compare different tenders; and ensuring that eventual performance under a contract is environmentally sound.     

硅营养缓解水稻幼苗Cd、Cr毒害的生理研究

两系法杂交稻“培杂山青”和常规稻“双桂３６”幼苗经较高浓度的Ｃｄ２＋（ｃ＝９．６～３８．４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）或Ｃｒ３＋（ｃ＝７．５～２５．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）处理可使其叶片光合速率、叶绿素（ａ＋ｂ）含量、叶绿素ａ／ｂ比值、叶片可溶性糖、淀粉及可溶性蛋白质含量降低，而叶片的ＰＯＤ活性提高；低浓度Ｃｄ２＋（ｃ＝４．８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和Ｃｒ３＋（ｃ＝２．５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）处理幼苗对上述生理指标有提高作用，但ＰＯＤ活性稍降低．加Ｓｉ（Ｎａ２ＳｉＯ３）［ｃ（ＳｉＯ２）＝１．３３１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ］的Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ处理比不加Ｓｉ的Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ处理的幼苗叶片上述生理指标明显提高，且明显降低其ＰＯＤ活性．说明Ｓｉ在不同程度上起到缓解Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ对水稻幼苗的毒害作用．而ｃ（Ｃｒ３＋）＝２５．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ是“双桂３６”幼苗的致死浓度