Falls and fall prevention programmes in developing countries: environmental scan for the adaptation of the Canadian Falls prevention curriculum for developing countries

Problem

Falls in older persons in developing countries are poorly understood, and falls prevention and health promotion programmes for this population are largely lacking.

Methods

A systematic review was carried out of relevant literature on falls and prevention programmes, and falls prevention education, and a scan undertaken of health promotion programmes for older persons in a representative country - South Africa.

Results

Studies on the risk and prevalence of falls are largely retrospective and hospital-based, with varied methodology, including study period, sampling method and sample size. Falls prevalence is based largely on self-reports in studies on general trauma in all age groups. Falls incidence varies from 10.1% to 54%. No reports could be traced on sustained falls prevention or health promotion programmes.

Conclusion

Scant research has been conducted and little preventive education offered on falls in older persons. Adaptation of the Canadian Falls Prevention Curriculum for developing countries will help to fill gaps in knowledge and practice.

Impact on industry

With rapid increase in the populations of older persons in developing countries, research on age related disorders such as falls is required to guide policy and management of falls.     

员工-组织社会交换与安全绩效的关系:基于广东企业的实证研究

为了探索员工-组织社会交换与安全绩效的作用关系,以广东省5家制造业企业员工为调查对象,基于社会交换理论,运用Mplus建立结构方程模型对74个团队468份有效问卷进行实证研究。研究结果表明:员工-组织社会交换对安全促进心理所有权和安全绩效均具有显著正向影响,员工-组织社会交换可以通过安全促进心理所有权的中介效应最终影响安全绩效。服务型领导跨层调节员工-组织社会交换与安全促进心理所有权之间的关系,并可进一步调节安全促进心理所有权的中介作用。     

Importance of jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas (Orbigny, 1835) in the pelagic ecosystem of the central Gulf of California

The Humboldt squid is an important predator in the pelagic ecosystem of the central Gulf of California and the commercial catch of this species has increased over the past decade, probable due to a decrease of several top predators (sharks, large pelagic fish and the marine mammals) and the optimal feeding conditions in this area. Its high abundance and important position in the pelagic food web was quantified through two trophic models of the pelagic ecosystem of the central Gulf of California. Models represented conditions in 1980 and 2002, to document the decadal changes in ecosystem structure and function. The models were composed of 18 functional groups, including marine mammals, birds, fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and primary producers. Model results show direct negative effects on principal prey groups such as myctophids and pelagic red crab and positive effects on sharks, marine mammals and specifically sperm whales. It thus appears that the jumbo squid has an important role in the ecosystem and plays a central part in the overall energy flow as main food item for most top predators, and due to its predation of organisms on lower tropic levels.     

新疆玛纳斯河流域灌溉水资源保证程度及提升策略

从供需两方面,构建了区域灌溉水资源保证程度分析模型,利用该模型对玛纳斯河流域灌溉水资源保证程度进行了分析。结果表明,现状年玛纳斯河流域灌溉水资源保证程度为79.21%,各灌区存在较大的差异,下野地、莫索湾、金安、玛纳斯等灌区灌溉水资源保证程度较低,分别为69.09%、78.76%、78.25%、71.24%,明显处于亏缺状态,而石河子灌区达115.06%,处于相对盈余状态。在各灌区灌溉总面积维持现有数量以及保证灌区水资源安全的前提下,随着加大部分灌区(金安、玛纳斯和石河子灌区)地下水资源开发力度,大力发展高新节水技术以及调整种植结构,近期流域灌溉水资源保证程度总体可接近100%,但流域内除石河子灌区外,下野地、莫索湾、金安、玛纳斯等灌区灌溉水资源仍处于亏缺状态。2020年随着各种综合措施的进一步实施,全流域灌溉保证程度将增加至113.19%,各灌区将实现灌溉水资源供需平衡。最后,针对3类不同灌溉水资源保证程度地区的水资源利用状况,提出了差别化的提升策略。     

环保职业教育中环保行指委的角色期待

在分析目前环保职业教育存在问题的基础上,提出为进一步发挥环保行指委的作用,推动环保职业教育的发展与创新,环保职业院校对环保行指委的角色期待。环保行指委在环境保护职业教育中应该扮演专家、组织者、指导者、支持者、平台和桥梁以及监督者的角色。     

毒性有机物BPA与普通小球藻的相互影响特性研究

考察了不同浓度双酚A(BPA)对普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)生长特性的影响,以及普通小球藻生长过程对BPA的去除效能.研究表明,低浓度BPA(0~20 mg·L-1)对普通小球藻生长具有促进作用,而高浓度BPA(20~50 mg·L-1)对普通小球藻生长具有抑制作用,且抑制效应与BPA浓度呈正相关关系.低剂量BPA(<20 mg·L-1)对叶绿素含量并无明显的影响,高剂量BPA(>20 mg·L-1)造成叶绿素含量降低.在BPA初始浓度2~50 mg·L-1的范围内,普通小球藻对其都有一定的去除效能,单位普通小球藻对BPA去除速率与其初始浓度呈正相关关系.BPA投加量为50 mg·L-1时,BPA去除速率最大,且最大速率出现于延滞期与对数期之间.     

浅论环境影响评价在油田环境管理中的作用

新疆地区的环境较为敏感,油气田开发对环境的影响较大,围绕着油气田开发所开展的各项活动必须严格执行环境影响评价。文章介绍油气田开发环境影响特点,环境影响评价工作中存在的问题。加强油田环境管理的措施为:实施战略和区域环境影响评价,在可行性研究报告审查前提出环境保护建议,在设计阶段严格执行环评中提出的环境保护措施,严格执行HSE环境管理体系,建立和完善回顾性环境影响评价制度,制定新疆油田建设项目环境保护管理方面的规定。     

高温固硫反应中锶化合物的促进作用

本文论述了锶化合物在高温燃烧条件下固硫反应的促进作用，通过Ｘ－射线粉晶衍射及扫描电镜的研究，证明形成含硫酸钙的复合盐的生成是提高固硫率的关键，用该方法制成的工业型煤，在实际锅炉中试烧其固硫率可达７０％，是烟气排烟脱硫的有效方法之一，对净化大气，减少污染有现实意义。     

Leaching of styrene and other aromatic compounds in drinking water from PS bottles

Bottled water may not be safer, or healthier, than tap water. The present studies have proved that styrene and some other aromatic compounds leach continuously from polystyrene （PS） bottles used locally for packaging. Water sapmles in contact with PS were extracted by a preconcentration technique called as ＂purge and trap＂ and analysed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer （GC/MS）. Eleven aromatic compounds were identified in these studies. Maximum concentration of styrene in PS bottles was 29.5 μg/L. Apart from styrene, ethyl benzene, toluene and benzene were also quantified but their concentrations were much less than WHO guide line values. All other compounds were in traces. Quality of plastic and storage time were the major factor in leaching of styrene. Concentration of styrene was increased to 69.53 μg/L after one-year storage. In Styrofoam and PS cups studies, hot water was found to be contaminated with styrene and other aromatic compounds. It was observed that temperature played a major role in the leaching of styrene monomer from Styrofoam cups. Paper cups were found to be safe for hot drinks.