我国火电厂脱硫脱硝行业2009年发展综述

介绍了2009年我国火电厂脱硫脱硝行业发展概况,分析了行业存在的主要问题,提出了对策及建议,并对行业发展进行了展望。     

UNITANK工艺在城镇污水处理厂的应用

广东省某城镇污水处理厂采用UNITANK新工艺,在项目的运行中,根据具体情况采取了较为有效的应对措施,克服了该工艺应用于大型污水处理厂的不足,运行效果良好,出水水质稳定,达到国家一级B排放标准。     

电厂袋式除尘器滤袋故障分析及处理

以北京高井热电厂为对象,运用故障树分析的方法,对袋式除尘器及滤袋失效进行了故障树分析,并将之演变为成功树,提出了防止滤袋失效的措施。     

3种浮床植物系统对富营养化水体净化效果研究

研究了风车草(Cyperus alternifolius)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)和富贵竹(Dracaena sanderiana)3种浮床植物系统对富营养化水体净化效果,试验共持续35 d。结果表明,在水温24～30℃条件下,风车草和菖蒲生长良好,生物量大,而富贵竹生长较差,生物量增加少;3种植物对NH_4~+-N的去除率分别为76.8%、85.5%和53.6%,对TN的去除率分别为69.1%、66.2%和54.4%,对TP的去除率分别为76.9%、84.6%和61.5%,对PO_4~(3-)-的去除率分别为91.7%、91.7%和75%,对真实色度有明显的去除效果;3种植物对氮磷和真实色度去除效果与对照之间均达到显著差异(P0.05),自然沉淀是浊度去除的主要原因,植物吸收同化作用是NH_4~+-N去除的主要途径,植物吸收是溶解性磷去除的主要途径。试验表明,风车草和菖蒲对富营养化水体中氮磷和真实色度有较好的去除效果,可作为富营养化水体治理的优良物种而推广使用。     

The distribution of Cs, K, Rb and Cs in plants in a Sphagnum-dominated peatland in eastern central Sweden

We record the distribution of ¹³⁷Cs, K, Rb and Cs within individual Sphagnum plants (down to 20 cm depth) as well as ¹³⁷Cs in vascular plants growing on a peatland in eastern central Sweden. In Calluna vulgaris¹³⁷Cs was mainly located within the green parts, whereas Andromeda polifolia, Eriophorum vaginatum and Vaccinium oxycoccos showed higher ¹³⁷Cs activity in roots. Carex rostrata and Menyanthes trifoliata showed variable distribution of ¹³⁷Cs within the plants. The patterns of ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration distribution as well as K, Rb and Cs concentrations within individual Sphagnum plants were rather similar and were usually highest in the capitula and/or in the subapical segments and lowest in the lower dead segments, which suggests continuous relocation of those elements to the actively growing apical part. The ¹³⁷Cs and K showed relatively weak correlations, especially in capitula and living green segments (0-10 cm) of the plant (r = 0.50). The strongest correlations were revealed between ¹³⁷Cs and Rb (r = 0.89), and between ¹³⁷Cs and stable Cs (r = 0.84). This suggests similarities between ¹³⁷Cs and Rb in uptake and relocation within the Sphagnum, but that ¹³⁷Cs differs from K.     

Novel Organisms: Comparing Invasive Species, GMOs, and Emerging Pathogens

Invasive species, range-expanding species, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), synthetic organisms, and emerging pathogens increasingly affect the human environment. We propose a framework that allows comparison of consecutive stages that such novel organisms go through. The framework provides a common terminology for novel organisms, facilitating knowledge exchange among researchers, managers, and policy makers that work on, or have to make effective decisions about, novel organisms. The framework also indicates that knowledge about the causes and consequences of stage transitions for the better studied novel organisms, such as invasive species, can be transferred to more poorly studied ones, such as GMOs and emerging pathogens. Finally, the framework advances understanding of how climate change can affect the establishment, spread, and impacts of novel organisms, and how biodiversity affects, and is affected by, novel organisms.     

Selection and Implementation of a Flagship Fleet in a Locally Undervalued Region of High Endemicity

Flagships are one conservation education tool. We present a proposed flagship species fleet for environmental education in central Chile. Our methods followed recent flagship guidelines. We present our selection process and a detailed justification for the fleet of flagship species that we selected. Our results are a list of eight flagship species forming a flagship fleet, including two small- and medium-sized mammals, the degu (Octodon degus) and the culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpeaus), two birds, the turca (Pteroptochos megapoidius) and the burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia), the Chilean iguana (Calopistes palluma), the tarantula (Grammostola mollicoma), and two trees, the litre (Lithrea caustica) and the espino (Acacia caven). We then describe how these flagships can be deployed most effectively, describing their audience, effective narrative frames, and modes of presentation. We conclude that general selection rules paired with social science background data allow for an efficient selection process.     

Toxicological characterization of the landfill leachate prior/after chemical and electrochemical treatment: A study on human and plant cells

In this research, toxicological safety of two newly developed methods for the treatment of landfill leachate from the Piškornica (Croatia) sanitary landfill was investigated. Chemical treatment procedure combined chemical precipitation with CaO followed by coagulation with ferric chloride and final adsorption by clinoptilolite. Electrochemical treatment approach included pretreatment with ozone followed by electrooxidation/electrocoagulation and final polishing by microwave irradiation. Cell viability of untreated/treated landfill leachate was examined using fluorescence microscopy. Cytotoxic effect of the original leachate was obtained for both exposure periods (4 and 24 h) while treated samples showed no cytotoxic effect even after prolonged exposure time. The potential DNA damage of the untreated/treated landfill leachate was evaluated by the comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay using either human or plant cells. The original leachate exhibited significantly higher comet assay parameters compared to negative control after 24 h exposure. On the contrary, there was no significant difference between negative control and chemically/electrochemically treated leachate for any of the parameters tested. There was also no significant increase in either CBMN assay parameter compared to the negative control following the exposure of the lymphocytes to the chemically or electrochemically treated landfill leachate for both exposure periods while the original sample showed significantly higher number of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds for both exposure times. Results suggest that both methods are suitable for the treatment of such complex waste effluent due to high removal efficiency of all measured parameters and toxicological safety of the treated effluent.     

Impact of nano-CuO stress on rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings

Indiscriminate release of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) into the environment due to anthropogenic activities has become a serious threat to the ecological system including plants. The present study assesses the toxicity of nano-CuO on rice (Oryza sativa cv. Swarna) seedlings. Three different levels of stress (0.5 mM, 1.0 mM and 1.5 mM suspensions of copper II oxide, <50 nm particle size) were imposed and seedling growth performance was studied along control at 7 and 14 d of experiment. Modulation of ascorbate–glutathione cycle, membrane damage, in vivo ROS detection, foliar H₂O₂ and proline accumulation under nano-CuO stress were investigated in detail to get an overview of nano-stress response of rice. Seed germination percentage was significantly reduced under stress. Higher uptake of Evans blue by nano-CuO stressed roots over control indicates loss of root cells viability. Presence of dark blue and deep brown spots on leaves evident after histochemical staining with NBT and DAB respectively indicate severe oxidative burst under nano-copper stress. APX activity was found to be significantly increased in 1.0 and 1.5 mM CuO treatments. Nevertheless, elevated APX activity might be insufficient to scavenge all H₂O₂ produced in excess under nano-CuO stress. That may be the reason why stressed leaves accumulated significantly higher H₂O₂ instead of having enhanced APX activity. In addition, increased GR activity coupled with isolated increase in GSH/GSSG ratio does not seem to prevent cells from oxidative damages, as evident from higher MDA level in leaves of nano-CuO stressed seedlings over control. Enhanced proline accumulation also does not give much protection against nano-CuO stress. Decline in carotenoids level might be another determining factor of meager performance of rice seedlings in combating nano-CuO stress induced oxidative damages.