Greening of a campus restaurant at Stockholm University: sustainable development audits by means of the SDR methodology

The aim of this paper is to show how the environmental practices of a restaurant may be evaluated in a quantitative way. For this, a new methodology, sustainable development records (SDR), was used. This allows financial, environmental and social aspects of an operation to be handled in a systematic way. The results of the two sustainable development audits show that the restaurant washes more dishes per unit of chemicals used in 1994 than in 1991. However, there is a negative trend regarding the number of meals served per unit of water used and waste generated, which suggests that the restaurant in 1994 is more wasteful with these resources than in 1991. On the other hand, this might be explained by the fact that the restaurant has increased its use of primary products. The environmental ratios are increasing for both chemicals and energy, which means that more and more of the resources used are environmentally acceptable. The lowest environmental ratios are those for provisions (<2%) and transportation (<5%), which means that not more than 2% of the provisions and 5% of the transportation are environmentally acceptable in the long run. The restaurant's ratio of satisfied customers as well as its environmental image is improving, while the profitability has not changed. The results of this paper point to a general problem of environmental auditing in regard to the evaluation of perceived positive or negative developments of an individual enterprise, since there might be an opposite implication for the larger system. It is therefore crucial to look at several hierarchical levels in order to be able to assess the effects of environmental measures.     

Changes in Arthropod Assemblages along a Wide Gradient of Disturbance in Gabon

Abstract: Searching for indicator taxa representative of diverse assemblages, such as arthropods, is an important objective of many conservation studies. We evaluated the impacts of a wide gradient of disturbance in Gabon on a range of arthropod assemblages representing different feeding guilds. We examined 4 × 10⁵ arthropod individuals from which 21 focal taxa were separated into 1534 morphospecies. Replication included the understory of 3 sites in each of 4 different stages of forest succession and land use (i.e., habitats) after logging (old and young forests, savanna, and gardens). We used 3 complementary sampling methods to survey sites throughout the year. Overall differences in arthropod abundance and diversity were greatest between forest and open habitats, and cleared forest invaded by savanna had the lowest abundance and diversity. The magnitude of faunal differences was much smaller between old and young forests. When considered at this local scale, anthropogenic modification of habitats did not result in a monotonous decline of diversity because many herbivore pests and their associated predators and parasitoids were abundant and diverse in gardens, where plant productivity was kept artificially high year‐round through watering and crop rotation. We used a variety of response variables to measure the strength of correlations across survey locations among focal taxa. These could be ranked as follows in terms of decreasing number of significant correlations: species turnover > abundance > observed species richness > estimated species richness > percentage of site‐specific species. The number of significant correlations was generally low and apparently unrelated to taxonomy or guild structure. Our results emphasize the value of reporting species turnover in conservation studies, as opposed to simply measuring species richness, and that the search for indicator taxa is elusive in the tropics. One promising alternative might be to consider “predictor sets” of a small number of taxa representative of different functional groups, as identified in our study.     

上海市杨浦生态城区指标体系建立的研究

生态城市的建设以生态城区为依托,生态城区的创建离不开一套科学的指标体系.从上海市杨浦区创建知识创新型生态城区的指标体系入手,依托频度统计、压力-状态-响应模型、专家咨询等技术方法,提出指标体系的设置程序与构建的具体方法,以指导杨浦区生态城区的建设工作.此方法对生态城区乃至生态城市指标体系的建立具有一定的借鉴意义.     

牡丹江市生态环境质量分析

运用RS/GIS(遥感)技术、GPS技术与实地监测相结合的方法,以环境统计数据为基础,对牡丹江市生态环境质量状况进行评价分析。     

UNCSD可持续林业管理指标评介

详细介绍了联合国可持续发展委员会（ＵＮＣＳＤ）关于可持续林业管理的４个指标：木材采伐强度、森林面积变化、森林管理面积比率和森林保护面积比率的定义、计算方法、数据的可获得性以及它们与其他指标的关系，并对这４个指标的局限性进行了讨论。     

区域环境健康综合风险评价指标体系的构建及应用研究

探讨区域环境健康综合风险评价指标体系建立的原则、思路和方法,估算各省环境健康综合风险,为制定环境健康政策提供科学依据.运用层次分析法,结合主成分分析和独立性分析,按照"风险压力-风险现状-风险应对"的总体思路构建了23个指标的区域环境健康综合风险评价指标体系及其权重系数.运用2012年31个省(自治区、直辖市)的数据进行实证检验,并将评价结果进行聚类分析探讨地区风险的差异和规律.研究表明全国有9个省区域环境健康综合风险指数超过标准,其中特别发达(北京、天津、上海)及不发达地区环境健康综合风险相对较低,较为发达地区环境健康风险较高.区域环境健康综合风险评价指标较为科学合理,具有较好的推广性和实用性.     

电焊条生产行业职业危害统计指标研究

简洁、有效、便利的职业危害统计指标不仅能够提高职业危害评价结果的准确性,更能提高实际工作效率,对职业危害监管工作具有重要的意义。根据电焊条生产行业的特点,通过相关分析法、逐步回归分析法,对几个典型企业的监测数据进行分析,筛选出了最能直接判断电焊条生产行业职业危害状况的统计指标。入选的指标独立性好,适合进一步拟合电焊条生产行业职业危害监管模型。     

Correlations between physiological responses of four aquatic plant species and river water quality

The Jiushanwai channel is located in the Lucheng district of Wenzhou City, China. Four aquatic plant species (Canna indica, Cyperus alternifolius, Myriophyllum verticillatum, and Lythrum salicaria) were planted on floating-beds constructed in a north-south layout along this channel. Five sites were sampled during spring, summer and autumn. The physiological characteristics (content of chlorophyll and soluble protein, activity of peroxidase and catalase) of the plants and the corresponding water quality were determined and correlations between these indices were analysed. The physiological indices of the plants and water quality changed regularly at the five sampling sites. Myriophyllum verticillatum was the most sensitive species to water quality changes, whereas Lythrum salicaria was least sensitive. Of the physiological indices examined, soluble protein content was most sensitive to water quality changes. The physiological indices of M. verticillatum are deemed to be most suitable to indicate river water quality.     

深圳市环境影响评价有效性评估

在总结国内外环境影响评价(EIA)有效性研究的基础上．提出EIA有效性评估的指标体系、分级标准和评估方法。选取1995～2002年间完成的80本环境影响报告书(EIS)对深圳市EIA有效性进行评估。研究结果表明：深圳市EIA有效性指数偏低,有效性一般．EIA制度在发挥积极作用的同时,存在制度体系有待完善、法律法规执行不够严格、评价人员专业素质有待提高等问题。最后提出改进EIA有效性的建议和需要进一步探讨的问题。