Cystic fibrosis prenatal diagnosis: Confirmation of an equivocal microvillar enzyme result by direct analysis of the common gene mutation

A child was tentatively diagnosed as having cystic fibrosis, based on neonatal presentation with severe gastrointestinal complications; the diagnosis was not confirmed biochemically and no tissues were available for DNA analysis. The mother presented in her subsequent pregnancy, and microvillar enzyme analysis of cell-free amniotic fluid at both 18 and 20 weeks gestation gave equivocal results. The pregnancy was terminated voluntarily because of a trend towards abnormal enzyme assay results on the second amniocentesis. Retrospectively, fetal tissues were found to be homozygous for the most common mutation of the cystic fibrosis gene (AF₅₀₈), which confirmed the prenatal assessment and suggested that the first infant of the couple was probably also affected by the disease.     

环境微生物降解有机磷农药研究进展

微生物降解是有机磷农药在环境中去毒降解的主要方式，该文从环境微生物筛选、降解基因的识别、降解酶的种类及其特性、微生物降解底物特异性及微生物降解效果的评价等5个方面，综述了近年来有机磷农药微生物降解方面的研究进展，展望了微生物降解有机磷农药的研究方向。     

改性大豆蛋白海上溢油凝油剂的制备与性能

大豆蛋白羟甲基化后，再用高级脂肪酸酰氯酰化，然后以多价金属离子盐处理，得到的凝油剂具有良好的凝油性能，可用于水面原油与燃料油的回收处理。进一步研究发现，三价金属离子形成的凝油剂的凝油性能比二价金属离子形成的凝油剂的凝油性能好；羟甲基大豆蛋白酰化时所用的酰氯的碳原子数越大，凝油速度越快；凝油剂对原油的凝油性能比对柴油的凝油性能更好；水的盐度对凝油剂的凝油性能无明显影响。     

白腐真菌产酶反应器研究进展

综述了白腐真菌在不同反应器中合成木质素降解酶系能力的研究进展,包括培养方式与条件、不同反应器的特点及应用、木质素降解酶系的应用及前景.     

污泥自热式高温好氧消化技术研究进展

污泥自热式高温好氧消化(ATAD)具有反应速率快,停留时间短,病原微生物灭活效果好等优点,特别适合于小规模污水处理厂污泥的处理,在北美和欧洲已有较多的应用实例.系统总结了ATAD系统各方面的研究进展,包括AT-AD系统中微生物的种类与特性,ATAD污泥处理过程中微生物细胞、有机碳以及氮磷的转化规律,ATAD反应器运行控制参数,以及改善ATAD处理后污泥脱水性能的方法,并介绍了基于ATAD技术的新型污水及污泥处理工艺研究开发现状.     

Responses of Petunia hybrida and Phaseolus vulgaris to fumigation with difluoro-chloro-bromo-methane (Halon 1211)

Metabolic reactions of and exposed to a halon concentration of 10 ppb over a period of 26 and 45 days, respectively were investigated. The response of both plant species to the exposure was a slight increase of the protein contents and of major pigments. A large increase of up to 200% was observed in the activity of the detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase in fumigated plants. These physiological changes, namely the increase of the glutathione S-transferase activity, are interpreted as detoxification reactions.     

土壤酶活性及其对土壤质量的指示研究进展

土壤中所进行的生物和生物化学过程是陆地生态系统功能的基础 ,这些过程之所以能够持续进行 ,得益于土壤中酶的作用 .酶是土壤生态系统代谢的一类重要动力 ,土壤中所进行的一切生物学和化学过程都要由酶的催化作用才能完成 .虽然单一种类的土壤酶的催化作用可能是专性的 ,但土壤中酶的来源不同 ,酶的种类繁多 .土壤中已经被鉴定出的约 6 0种酶活性表明 ,土壤酶活性是与土壤质量的很多理化指标相联系的 ,酶的催化作用对土壤中元素 (包括Ｃ、Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｓ)循环与迁移有着重要作用 .历史上 ,土壤化学和物理学属性一直被用来作为表征土壤生产力和…     

Barley lipid-transfer protein as heavy metal scavenger

A lipid-transfer protein was isolated from a domestic cultivar of brewers barley grain, Hordeum vulgare. The presence of Cu (II), Pb (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) ions in its structure and its ability to bind Hg (II) and Ni (II) ions is known. We investigated its ability to bind other metal ions by differential pulse polarography. Here we demonstrate that the lipid-transfer protein has an affinity to bind Co (II) and Pb (II) and has no affinity towards Cd (II), Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cr (III). These results suggest a new possible role of barley lipid-transfer protein for phytoextraction.Selected article from the Regional Symposium on Chemistry and Environment, Krusevac, Serbia, June 2003, organised by Dr. Branimir Jovancicevic     

高赖氨酸蛋白基因在转基因生菜中的表达和遗传转化

以生菜(LactucasativaL.)为受体材料,将含有高赖氨酸蛋白基因的植物表达载体pLBI用农杆菌介导法进行遗传转化,获得47株转基因生菜植株.PCR和Southern-blotting检测证实目的片段在T0代的整合,RT-PCR检测表明目的基因的转录.T0代植株赖氨酸(Lys)含量的测定分析表明,赖氨酸有不同程度的提高,比对照提高最高的可达9.46%.T1代植株PCR检测证明,目的基因能够遗传.图5表1参25     

诱导型Hsp70在外源性甲醛对小鼠肝肾氧化损伤中的保护作用

为探讨外源性甲醛是否会对小鼠肝脏和肾脏的热休克蛋白70(heat shock protein 70, Hsp70)产生影响,选雄性Balb/c小鼠为研究对象,采用动态吸入方式染毒2周,每周5 d,每天8 h,随机分为空白对照组、3 mg·m-3甲醛染毒组。染毒结束后,计算肝脏和肾脏的脏体比,检测各器官中活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)的含量,同时用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR, RT-PCR)法检测Hsp70的基因表达,并通过HE染色观察形态学变化。结果表明:与对照组相比,2种器官的脏体比均显著下降(P0.05或P0.01); ROS、MDA含量上升、GSH含量下降,出现显著性差异(P0.05或P0.01); Hsp70基因表达水平下降且差异显著(P0.05或P0.01); HE切片显示,甲醛暴露使肝脏的中央静脉窦的破损程度增加、细胞核变大,肾脏中肾小中肾小球基底膜变窄、体积缩小甚至分解。上述结果表明,甲醛暴露会对小鼠的的肝脏和肾脏造成不同程度的氧化损伤,小鼠可通过上调Hsp70的基因表达以增强机体的抗氧化能力。