碱性化学镀镍废液的净化处理

找到了一种处理碱性化学镀镍废液的新方法 ,研究了镀液组成、温度、时间、漂白粉浓度对化学镀镍废液处理结果的影响。结果表明 ,用漂白粉处理碱性化学镀镍废液是可行的。     

在TiO2催化剂上菲的光催化氧化反应研究

选择TiO₂ 粉末催化剂,在发射光谱为254 nm的15 W紫外灯照射下,反应液中Al3+,Fe3+和H2O₂ 浓度增加能提高菲的降解率;TiO₂ 表面载银量的增加能提高降解速度;TiO₂ 投入量在一定范围内随投入量的增加,光催化降解菲的速度也增加,但当投入量较多时又能降低降解速率;在酸性条件下,菲易被光催化降解;菲的起始反应浓度与反应速度成负一级反应动力学关系。      

五氯酚对斜生栅藻的毒性效应研究

以斜生栅藻细胞的生长状况、色素(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素)及蛋白质含量的变化作为指标,研究了不同质量浓度的五氯酚(0,0.02,0.05,0.10,0.50,1.00 mg/L)对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的毒性效应.24,48,72,96和120 h五氯酚对斜生栅藻的EC50分别为0.883,0.283,0.225,0.168和0.192 mg/L.斜生栅藻生长受抑制程度随五氯酚质量浓度增加而加强,当五氯酚的质量浓度超过0.50 mg/L时,斜生栅藻的生长几乎完全受到抑制.染毒96 h的斜生栅藻色素(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素)含量以及蛋白质含量随着五氯酚质量浓度的增加呈下降趋势,色素比例失调,色素对五氯酚的敏感程度为:类胡萝卜素＞叶绿素a＞叶绿素b;可溶性蛋白质含量与色素含量的减少呈明显线性相关(r=0.793,n=6).      

生物活性炭在生活污水处理中的基础研究

探讨利用粒状生物活性炭（GBAC）和固定粉状生物活性炭（IPBAC）对人工废水CODMn处理的效果。结果表明,GBAC和IPBAC中微生物的生长（UV254）与运行周期密切相关。GBAC和IPBAC运行初期内,炭表面的生物膜逐步形成,微生物不稳定,从而导致UV254值波动较大。随着运行周期的延长,生物膜生长逐步趋于稳定。随着炭层高度的增长,生物活性炭对CODMn的去除率也越大。GBAC与IPBAC对CODMn都有很高的去除率,但GBAC对CODMn的去除率高于IPBAC。     

Phylogenetic Comparative Methods Strengthen Evidence for Reduced Genetic Diversity among Endangered Tetrapods

Abstract: The fitness of species with little genetic diversity is expected to be affected by inbreeding and an inability to respond to environmental change. Conservation theory suggests that endangered species will generally demonstrate lower genetic diversity than taxa that are not threatened. This hypothesis has been challenged because the time frame of anthropogenic extinction may be too fast to expect genetic factors to significantly contribute. I conducted a meta‐analysis to examine how genetic diversity in 894 tetrapods correlates with extinction threat level. Because species are not evolutionarily independent, I used a phylogenetic regression framework to address this issue. Mean genetic diversity of tetrapods, as assessed by protein heterozygosity, was 29.7–31.5% lower on average in threatened species than in their nonthreatened relatives, a highly significant reduction. Within amphibians as diversity decreased extinction risk increased in phylogenetic models, but not in nonphylogenetic regressions. The effects of threatened status on diversity also remained significant after accounting for body size in mammals. These results support the hypothesis that genetic effects on population fitness are important in the extinction process.     

粉料无尘装车技术及其在电除尘器、大布袋除尘器输灰系统中的应用

传统电除尘器、大布袋除尘器输灰系统存在工艺繁杂、能耗大、输送速度慢、系统难于维护及二次扬尘问题,电除尘器、大布袋除尘器输灰系统采用粉料无尘装车技术可有效简化工艺、提高生产速度和系统运行、维护可靠性,很大程度减少能耗并彻底根除二次扬尘。     

Studies on relationships between air pollutants and allergenicity of Humulus Scandens pollen collected from different areas of Shanghai

Pollen pollution and allergy are becoming prominent issues in China. However, few studies on pollinosis have been reported. As an allergen in the atmosphere, allergenic Humulus scandens pollen was collected from four districts of Shanghai, including Wusong (WS), Jiading (JD), Xujiahui (XJH) and Songjiang (SJ). The mass concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, O₃, PM_10, and PM_2.5 (particulate matter with air dynamic diameter less than 10 and 2.5 µm, respectively) near the four sampling sites were also recorded during Humulus scandens pollen season. The allergenicity of the Humulus scandens pollen was assessed by using of a rat model and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Relationships between the allergenicity and air pollutants were correlated. Our results demonstrated that the biological viability of the pollens collected from the four districts exhibited no significant differences. ELISA and dot blotting results further demonstrated that the serum of sensitized rats exhibited much higher immune-reactive response than that of control groups. Western blotting showed that the 15 KD (1KD = 1000 dalton) proteins of Humulus pollen led to the allergic response. The allergenic intensity of Humulus pollen protein from different samples followed the pattern: WS > JD > XJ > SJ. There was a negative relationship between the allergenicity of Humulus pollens and PM₁₀ (R = -0.99) / PM_2.5 (R = -0.73), and a positive relationship with O₃ (R = 0.92). These data clearly showed that PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 could enhance Humulus pollen protein release, and O₃ could aggravate the allergenicity of the Humulus pollen.     

新型生物质粉体燃料破碎系统

生物质的破碎是生物质能源利用转化的前提条件。本文介绍了一种用于生物质精细破碎的成套系统，简述了其中粗破碎机、精破碎机的结构特点和工作原理，并对生物质破碎的原料和破碎产物以及系统的生产效率和生产成本进行了分析。     

壳聚糖对废水中蛋白质的吸附作用

在不同的蛋白质浓度、壳聚糖浓度、吸附时间、温度及pH值条件下,采用Bradford染色法测得吸附后蛋白质浓度,得到了壳聚糖对蛋白质的最佳吸附条件,其结果将为壳聚糖在工业废水处理中的应用提供一定的理论基础.     

酚醛树脂生产废水处理工艺

对于COD高达246000mg／L、挥发酚达11000mg／L的酚醛树脂生产废水的处理试验研究表明，采用树脂提取--二次缩合--催化氧化--SBR生化工艺是可行的。100℃下通过9h的延时缩合，可回收树脂25kg／m^3，COD和挥发酚去除率分别为。75％和66％；95--100℃下投药二次缩合4h，COD和挥发酚去除率分别达81％和99％；常温常压下投加二氧化氯1．2kg／m^3，催化氧化4h，COD和挥发酚去除率分别为41％和78％；脱氯混凝后，废水按1：4稀释(降低Cl^-浓度)，控制COD在600mg／L以下，经PAC--SBR生化工艺处理可达标排放。工程实践证明，废水处理效果达到预期目标，其经济技术指标具有先进性。