Colonization of Penicillium oxalicum SL2 in Pb-contaminated paddy soil and its immobilization effect on soil Pb

Penicillium oxalicum SL2 (SL2) is a previously screened Pb-tolerant fungus that can promote crops growth. The relationship between SL2 colonization and Pb immobilization was studied to provide a theoretical basis for microbial remediation of Pb-contaminated paddy soil. In this study, green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled SL2 was inoculated into different Pb-contaminated paddy soils (S1-S6). The Pb extracted from the soil by HNO₃, EDTA and CaCl₂ were used to characterize the available Pb. The results showed that the colonization of SL2 was divided into lag phase (0-7 days), growth phase (7-30 days), and mortality phase (30-90 days). SL2 colonized well in sandy soils rich in clay and total phosphorus with initial pH of 4.5-7.0. In addition, SL2 increased soil pH and decreased soil Eh, which was beneficial to immobilize Pb. In different soils, the highest percentages of CaCl₂-Pb, EDTA-Pb, and HNO₃-Pb immobilized by SL2 were 34.34%-40.53%, 17.05%-20.11%, and 7.39%-15.62%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the percentages of CaCl₂-Pb and EDTA-Pb immobilized by SL2 were significantly positively correlated with the number of SL2 during the growth phase. SL2 mainly immobilized Pb in the growth phase and a higher peak number of SL2 was beneficial to the immobilization of Pb.     

球磨铝/聚四氟乙烯的热性能和失效研究

目的 研究高活性铝/聚四氟乙烯(Al/PTFE)含能材料在常温条件下的存贮能力.方法 采用高能球磨法,制备Al/PTFE复合物,对其进行温度加速老化试验.采用差热分析方法,研究该材料在不同老化时间段的放热性能,并对其失效时间进行评估.结果 球磨制备的样品组分间的反应模式为气固相反应.干法球磨制备得到的样品具有较高的放热量和较长的贮存寿命,放热量为1.82 kJ/g,在老化时间4 a以内的放热性能损失不超过20％.湿法球磨制备得到的样品具有很高的反应活性,放热量达到2.86 kJ/g,但是老化1 a后就发生明显失效.结论 以干法球磨的样品放热能力较低,但其能够在更长的时间内保持反应活性,更加适合于长期贮存.     

改性凹凸棒土及粉末活性炭助凝聚硅硫酸铝消除微污染水中有机氯

以硅酸钠和硫酸铝为原料制备了聚硅硫酸铝絮凝剂(PASS),采用强化混凝的处理方法,对微污染水中有机氯(OCPs)的消除进行了研究.同时,考察了混凝剂投加量、pH值、原水浊度、粉末活性炭和改性凹凸棒土助凝剂等因素对OCPs消除效果的影响.结果表明:PASS投加量为5 mg·L-1时,OCPs的去除率可以达到57%~87%,浊度去除率可以达到99.1%,其效果好于聚合氯化铝(PAC);PASS混凝处理OCPs的最佳pH值范围是6~7;OCPs的去除与浊度的去除具有显著相关性,原水浊度的大小会影响OCPs的去除,低浊条件下OCPs和浊度的去除率明显低于中浊和高浊条件;粉末活性炭和改性凹凸棒土作为助凝剂与PASS复配均可显著提高OCPs的去除率,分别达到78%~100%和72%~95%.相较而言,凹凸棒土储量丰富,廉价易得,因此,以改性凹凸棒土替代粉末活性炭更有优势.     

Alginate modifies the physiological impact of CeO2 nanoparticles in corn seedlings cultivated in soil

Alginates are naturally occurring components of organic matter in natural soil whose effects on nanoparticle （NP） toxicity to plants is not well understood. In the present study, corn plants were grown for one month in soil spiked with 400 mg/kg CeO2 NPs with various alginate concentrations. After one month of growth in the NPs impacted soil, plants were harvested and analyzed for Ce and mineral element concentrations. Chlorophyll concentration and heat shock protein 70, used as biomarkers for oxidative stress, were also evaluated. Results showed that, compared to CeO2 NPs treatment, alginate at 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg increased Ce concentration in roots by approximately 46%, 38%, and 29% and by 115%, 45%, and 56% in shoots, respectively. CeO 2 NPs without alginate increased Mn accumulation in roots by 34% compared to control. CeO2 NPs with low and medium alginate increased Mn by ca. 92% respect to NPs without alginate and by ca. 155% respect to control. CeO2 NPs without/with alginate significantly increased accumulation of Fe and Al in roots. In addition, alginate at 50 mg/kg increased Zn accumulation in roots by 52% compared to control. In shoots, K increased at all NP treatments but the accumulation of other elements was not affected. Alginate enlarged the impact of CeO2 NPs to corn plants by reducing chlorophyll a content and triggering overexpression of heat shock protein 70.     

蛋白质对PVDF超滤膜污染行为的界面微观作用力解析

采用原子力显微镜,结合自制微颗粒探针,对膜-污染物及污染物-污染物间微观作用力进行了检测分析,考察了不同p H条件下牛血清蛋白(BSA)在不同界面特性PVDF超滤膜上的膜污染行为.结果表明,在膜过滤初期,通量剧烈衰减主要由BSA和膜之间黏附力作用导致,在膜过滤后期,BSA与BSA之间的黏聚作用则是影响后期膜污染行为的主要因素;PA膜-BSA和PP膜-BSA之间的黏附作用力均大于BSA-BSA之间的黏聚作用力,说明在整个膜过滤过程中,BSA与PVDF超滤膜之间的黏附作用对膜污染起主导作用;相同p H条件下,PA膜-BSA之间的微观作用小于PP膜-BSA之间的相互作用力,说明亲水性较强的PA膜具有较强的抗污染性;而PA膜和PP膜过滤后期BSA-BSA之间黏聚力相差不大,也进一步说明膜过滤过程中膜-污染物之间的微观作用力是影响膜污染行为的主要因素.     

低粉尘浓度气体中细颗粒物（PM2.5）含量的测量

低粉尘浓度气体中细颗粒物（PM2.5）的测量用称重法和计数法都有困难,文章提出用稀释气体降低含尘浓度后,用激光尘埃计数器测量其中细颗粒物的数量,计算出质量浓度的办法。     

硫粉投加量与污泥含固率之比对生物淋滤过程的影响

通过接种污泥硫细菌混合菌液,研究了S粉投加量与污泥含固率之比(SA/TS)对城市污泥中重金属生物淋滤效果的影响.结果表明,增大SA/TS值能显著缩短淋滤时间,提高淋滤效果.当SA/TS为2.5,经过8 d生物淋滤,Cu和Zn的淋滤效果可达到最佳,溶出率分别为66.2%和63.9%.淋滤进行16 d后,Pb的溶出率为30.8%.对于Cu,不论淋滤前后有机态都是较强的结合态.Zn的溶出主要是由于结合能力强的铁锰氧化态在淋滤过程中被大量浸出.Pb经过16 d的淋滤,铁锰氧化态所占比例有所下降而有机态比例上升.加大SA/TS有利于提高S粉的利用率,对N的保存影响不大,但增加了P的流失.     

High efficiency of the NH4H2PO4/Mg(OH)2 composite for guaranteeing safety of wood production

Currently, China's timber industry is in high demand with the development of real estate. However, there is a certain fire hazard in the production process of wood manufacturing. Once a fire occurs, the fire is violent and the spread is rapid. Therefore, to improve the safety of its production process, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium hydroxide were selected to prepare a new composite superfine dry powder, which was denoted as the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite. Furthermore, to figure out dry powders' extinction effect on Class A fire, the wood-crib fire suppression effect of the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite was test, and then compared with that of ultrafine dry powder (UDP) and commercial ABC dry powder (C-ABC) in a 1 m³ chamber. Three parameters of the fire extinguishing process, namely flame extinction time, powder consumption and temperature drop were adopted to measure the fire suppression performance. The results demonstrated that UDP and C-ABC both had a larger flame extinction time and powder consumption than the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite. Besides, a fire (wood cribs) can be extinguished by the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite with the fastest temperature drop and a much-improved toxic gas suppression ability. In short, the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite can better guarantee the safety of the wood processing production process. Moreover, the reasons for performance advantages of the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite were discussed.     

铝粉尘云燃烧火焰形态分析实验研究

为探索铝粉尘云燃烧火焰形态和灾变演化,基于改造的竖直开口实验管道,借助高速摄像仪和离子探针,研究火焰结构及变化,分析粒径因素对铝粉火焰前锋形态的影响.实验结果表明:铝粉燃烧能量的释放和空间束缚使燃烧转为爆燃,火焰前锋下方存在大片的燃烧反应区;铝粉粒径越小,颗粒氧化层破裂需要的热应力越小,越容易被点燃;随着铝粉粒径减小,...     

纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末对Hela细胞DNA损伤的对比研究

为探讨纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末对细胞DNA损伤作用的差别,采用不同浓度的纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末(0、100、200、400μg·mL-1)对Hela细胞进行染毒,应用单细胞凝胶电泳(彗星实验)检测Hela细胞的损伤效应.结果表明,与对照组相比,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2各染毒组细胞尾部DNA百分率(TailDNA%)和尾矩(TailMoment)均显著增加(p<0.01);同一浓度下,纳米MnO2组细胞尾部DNA百分率和尾矩显著高于常规MnO2组(p<0.01).以上结果表明,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2粉末均能导致Hela细胞DNA损伤,且纳米MnO2的损伤作用强于常规MnO2.