山茶籽粉吸附亚甲基蓝的性能研究

为研究山茶籽粉对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为,对不同温度下(298、303、308、313、318K)的吸附数据分别用Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevish模式进行拟合,用伪一级动力学方程和伪二级动力学方程描述山茶籽粉对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学过程,并计算了Gibbs自由能变(ΔGθ)、焓变(ΔHθ)和熵变(ΔSθ)等热力学函数.结果表明,山茶籽粉对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力随着温度的升高而降低;Langmuir方程更适合描述其吸附行为.Gibbs自由能变(ΔGθ)、焓变("Hθ)和熵变(ΔSθ)均小于零,说明此吸附过程是自发进行的、放热的、趋于有序的吸附过程.伪二级动力学方程更适用于描述山茶籽粉对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学过程.     

Lead-induced alterations in protein-deficient rat liver–role of zinc

This study was designed to determine the protective effects of zinc (Zn) using liver marker enzymes in the serum and liver along with hepatic elemental profile in lead (Pb)-treated protein-deficient (PD) Sprague–Dawley male rats. Zn in the form of zinc sulfate at a dose of 227?mg?L^?1 in drinking water was administrated to control, PD as well as Pb-treated PD rats for 8 weeks. Pb treatment was given orally as lead acetate at a dose level of 100?mg?kg^?1 body weight to control and PD rats. The effects of different treatments were studied on the activities of enzymes that included alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum. The status of different elements (Cl, K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Pb) in liver was also studied. Rats given PD diet and Pb showed significant inhibition in serum ALP activity associated with significant elevation in both AST and ALT activities. Serum ALP activity showed a significant inhibition week 1 until week 8 in Pb-treated PD rats. In contrast, serum AST activity was elevated both at 3 and 8 weeks while serum ALT activity was elevated at 8 weeks in Pb-treated PD rats. Pb treatment to PD rats elevated hepatic ALP, AST and ALT activities but depressed hepatic AST. Zn supplementation to Pb-treated PD rats restored the altered enzyme activities. The levels of K, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se and Rb were altered in protein deficiency. Furthermore, treatment with Pb to these animals depressed the Cu levels. Zn treatment to Pb-treated PD animals tended to restore the levels of altered elements. Hence, the present study clearly suggests that Zn plays an important role in regulating the liver marker enzymes and essential elements under conditions of Pb toxicity and protein deficiency.     

14C-Ethion residues in soybean seeds: metabolic pathway,effect of processing,bioavailability, toxicity and protective action of artichoke leaf powder towards rats

The metabolic fate of ethion labeled with ¹⁴C-at the ethyl ester groups in soybean seeds following topical application to leaves was studied. Chromatographic analysis of soybean oil revealed the presence of the parent compound together with four metabolites which were identified as ethion monooxon, ethion dioxon, O-ethyl phosphorothioate and O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate. The effect of processing on ethion residues in soybean oil was investigated. The refined oil contained small amounts of the ¹⁴C-residues originally present (37.5%). Upon feeding rats with the cake containing ethion bound residues, a substantial amount of ¹⁴C-residues was eliminated in the urine (73%), and about 6% excreted with the feces. About 5% of the radioactive residues were distributed among various organs. Mature male Wistar rats were fed on soybean seeds containing ethion residues (1.93 ppm), and on artichoke leaves powder (1% W/W) for four weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the ethion-treated group had a significantly higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels. The ethion-treated rats also had a lower total serum protein and albumin levels, as well as acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity as compared with controls. Moreover, concomitant treatment with artichoke leaf powder improved, at least partially, all the biochemical parameters that were altered by ethion.     

Selective cellular and molecular effects of beryllium on lymphocytes†

An involvement of the immune system has been implicated in many of the whole animal effects of beryllium (Be) and its compounds and thus lymphocytes are a relevant cell model to study some of the cellular and molecular actions of the metal. Recent results indicate micromolar concentrations of Be salts are weakly mitogenic to lymphocytes in vitro probably as a result of direct interactions with the cell membranes. Furthermore evidence has been obtained that high affinity lymphocyte Be‐binding may be predictive of the potential to express delayed Be hypersensitivity in vivo. Although sub mitogenic concentrations of Be salts may actually activate accessory (macrophage type) cells, concentrations normally mitogenic to lymphocytes were found to inhibit their proliferative response to accessory cell dependent mitogens as a result of a Be²⁺ concentration dependent destruction of the adherent cell population. Higher concentrations of Be salts proved cytostatic to lymphocytes possibly by the established property of intracellularly accumulated Be²⁺ to inhibit cell division. Lymphocyte proliferation can be related to increases in protein phosphoryl‐ation capacity which in vitro can be inhibited by Be²⁺ and preliminary evidence indicates that tyrosine phosphorylation may be particularly sensitive.     

Electrophoretic and liquid chromatographic characterization of red cell membrane proteins modified by chromate

Besides its effects of the genetic material and function, chromate also immediately affects the structure and function of cell membranes. With human erythrocytes, chromate produces alterations in cell size and shape, it impairs the anion transport function, and it causes modifications in membrane constituents. The proteins have been analysed by one‐ and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). The main chromate effects are the crosslinking of proteins including the membrane protein bands 1 and 2 (spectrin) and haemoglobin. Furthermore, a 40.000 D membrane protein fraction is modified. Chromate may react directly with membrane constituents but evidence also points to the formation of reactive oxygen compounds which in turn may react with proteins and lipids of the cell membrane.     

浓硫酸低温分解废弃稀土抛光粉工艺研究

采用浓硫酸低温分解回收废弃稀土抛光粉,考察了硫酸用量、分解温度和反应时间对分解效果的影响,结果显示,较佳实验条件下,稀土收率可达95%以上。通过热重-差热与红外光谱联用技术实时在线监测技术,表明分解过程分为2个阶段,分别在270℃和300℃温度范围附近,稀土氧化物和稀土氟氧化物与硫酸发生反应。     

GP/APP膨胀阻燃体系对硅橡胶复合材料阻燃及抑烟性能的影响

为了探究石墨粉 (GP) 与聚磷酸铵 (APP) 膨胀阻燃体系对硅橡胶复合材料的阻燃及抑烟特性的影响,采用锥形量热仪 (CCT)、热重分析仪 (TG) 及极限氧指数测试仪 (LOI) 对阻燃硅橡胶复合材料进行表征。研究结果表明:与单独添加膨胀阻燃剂APP的阻燃硅橡胶相比,添加GP/APP膨胀阻燃体系可有效提升燃烧过程中形成的膨胀碳层的致密度,降低阻燃硅橡胶复合材料的热释放速率及总烟释放量,提高阻燃硅橡胶复合材料高温阶段的热稳定性,提升阻燃硅橡胶复合材料的燃烧成炭率和质量保持率; 使阻燃硅橡胶复合材料的氧指数值增大。     

诱导型Hsp70在外源性甲醛对小鼠肝肾氧化损伤中的保护作用

为探讨外源性甲醛是否会对小鼠肝脏和肾脏的热休克蛋白70(heat shock protein 70, Hsp70)产生影响,选雄性Balb/c小鼠为研究对象,采用动态吸入方式染毒2周,每周5 d,每天8 h,随机分为空白对照组、3 mg·m-3甲醛染毒组。染毒结束后,计算肝脏和肾脏的脏体比,检测各器官中活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)的含量,同时用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR, RT-PCR)法检测Hsp70的基因表达,并通过HE染色观察形态学变化。结果表明:与对照组相比,2种器官的脏体比均显著下降(P0.05或P0.01); ROS、MDA含量上升、GSH含量下降,出现显著性差异(P0.05或P0.01); Hsp70基因表达水平下降且差异显著(P0.05或P0.01); HE切片显示,甲醛暴露使肝脏的中央静脉窦的破损程度增加、细胞核变大,肾脏中肾小中肾小球基底膜变窄、体积缩小甚至分解。上述结果表明,甲醛暴露会对小鼠的的肝脏和肾脏造成不同程度的氧化损伤,小鼠可通过上调Hsp70的基因表达以增强机体的抗氧化能力。     

高赖氨酸蛋白基因在转基因生菜中的表达和遗传转化

以生菜(LactucasativaL.)为受体材料,将含有高赖氨酸蛋白基因的植物表达载体pLBI用农杆菌介导法进行遗传转化,获得47株转基因生菜植株.PCR和Southern-blotting检测证实目的片段在T0代的整合,RT-PCR检测表明目的基因的转录.T0代植株赖氨酸(Lys)含量的测定分析表明,赖氨酸有不同程度的提高,比对照提高最高的可达9.46%.T1代植株PCR检测证明,目的基因能够遗传.图5表1参25     

Removal of petroleum tar from bird feathers utilizing magnetic particles

A previously reported acute temperature dependency for the effective removal of tarry residue from feather clusters, utilising magnetic particles, has also been demonstrated to occur for the plumage of whole birds, whereby a maximum removal of up to 96% may be achieved. The experimental design allows an approximate equilibrium constant, for the distribution of contaminant between the residue and the magnetic particles, to be estimated at each temperature. This allows the thermodynamics of the process to be examined via application of the van't Hoff equation, suggesting an explanation for the phenomenon.