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141.
Methylmercury, total mercury and total selenium in four common freshwater fish species from Ya-Er Lake, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Snakehead fish (Ophiocephalus argus cantor), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrtix), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are four common freshwater fish species in China. In this study, the level of methylmercury (MeHg), total mercury (T-Hg), and total selenium (T-Se) in muscle samples of these four fish species from Ya-Er Lake, China, were analyzed using atomic fluorescence spectrometry coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The concentrations of MeHg in all the fish species were significantly correlated with those of T-Hg. Higher T-Hg and MeHg concentrations had accumulated in the snakehead fish, which is a strongly predatory fish, than in the other three species. The concentration ratios of MeHg and T-Hg in the muscles of these four fish species were almost equal. Conversely, there was negative correlation between the concentrations of T-Hg and T-Se, which implies that there is a competition between these two elements with respect to bioaccumulation. It is noteworthy that of all the muscle samples tested, the level of T-Hg exceeded the maximum allowable limit in fish [0.4 mg kg−1 (w/w) recommended by the World Health Organization] in 38.46% of those of the silver carp, 18.18% of those of the crucian carp, and 100% of those of snakehead fish. These results show that the consumption of contaminated fish is a potential threat to human health and that necessary preventive measures to safeguard public health should be emphasized. 相似文献
142.
城市公共安全规划数据库设计探讨 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
城市公共安全规划过程需要收集大量有关城市的基础信息、安全信息和地理信息,这些信息不仅数量大,而且信息之间有着错综复杂的联系.为了便于数据的管理、共享和扩充,利用数据库技术对其进行管理.本文着重阐述了城市公共安全规划数据库的设计方法和数据库的内容设置. 相似文献
143.
城市中心商业区环境安全的管理与控制是城市诸多问题中的热点.通过分析中心商业区的环境空气质量和环境噪声、防火防爆设施及应急装备、人流车流秩序、公共卫生系统,提出了在城市中心商业区环境安全的管理与控制中应执行的相关标准,设立了相关部门和管理措施.对中心商业区环境安全控制的规制化具有一定积极意义. 相似文献
144.
为保证危险货物铁路运输安全,基于铁路交通灾害预警管理理论,就危险货物铁路运输提出预警管理方法和建议。首先大量参阅危险货物铁路运输事故案例,结合安全系统工程理论,构建危险货物铁路运输预警系统指标体系。然后针对模糊综合评价权重难以确定的问题,为避免权重主观性过强,利用基于熵权模糊综合评价法对危险货物铁路运输安全进行评价。结合实例试算,结果表明:基于熵权模糊综合评价法的结果同原用评价法的结果基本一致。最后探讨铁路危险货物运输的定性预控措施。 相似文献
145.
邵理云 《中国安全生产科学技术》2012,8(5):16-20
我国含硫气田存在含硫量高、周边人口稠密、地形复杂等危险因素,如何保证含硫气田周边居民安全疏散成为一个重要的急需解决的问题.针对高含硫气田开发过程面临的公众疏散能力问题,采用毒性负荷判别法作为疏散能力评估的准则,提出一套分析流程,并给出相应的改进措施,形成一整套的复杂地形下高含硫化氢井场公众安全疏散能力分析方法;通过对本方法在现场实际中的应用,在理论和实例分析基础上,发现对高含硫气田井场进行疏散能力评估是可行且非常必要的. 相似文献
146.
Pieternella Pieterse 《Disasters》2019,43(Z2):S132-S150
Fragile and conflict‐affected states are frequently characterised by their inability to fulfil three core governance functions: provision of security, effective delivery of basic public goods and services, and managing political participation and accountability. This article explores the utility of social accountability interventions in fragile environments. Successful social accountability interventions can lead to joint examinations of public service standards by service‐users and providers, resulting in collaborative improvement efforts. The few available studies of such interventions implemented in fragile or conflict‐affected states show reasons for optimism as well as challenges. This article advocates the continued use of social accountability methods in fragile settings and provides examples of social accountability interventions in the health sector in Sierra Leone. The study suggests that social accountability can improve interaction between citizens and public service providers. Successful social accountability interventions can also lead to better quality and more accessible public services, which, in turn, can enhance state legitimacy. 相似文献
147.
148.
城市公共安全规划理论与方法的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
分析了进行城市公共安全规划研究的意义和理论基础,并对了城市公共安全规划的方法进行了探讨。 相似文献
149.
The nature and significance of public exposure to arsenic: a review of its relevance to South West England 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In South West England, more than two hundred years of intensive exploitation of metalliferous ore deposits, combined with the natural processes of pedogenesis from mineral-rich parent rocks, has resulted in the creation of a aignificant area of arsenic-contaminated wastes and soils. The scale of arsenic dispersion by natural and anthropogenic processes is such that 722 km2 of land contains concentrations of arsenic in excess of 110 g g–1, more than twice the maximum that might be expected in a normal soil.The general rationale for the clean-up of derelict and contaminated mining sites often includes aesthetic factors and the desirability of preventing the dispersion of contaminants beyond the site boundaries. Only in extreme cases is public health directly invoked as justification for remediation. In South West England, if arsenic constitutes a genuine threat to the public, an increased rate of site remediation would be justified. The primary purpose of this review is to establish whether or not widespread arsenic contamination (principally of soils) has any measurable effects on public health in South West England, and how this might affect current contaminated site remediation policy. The review is based on data from previous research in the region, and other relevant international studies of mining and smelting communities, and other populations exposed to elevated arsenic concentrations. The literature reviewed also includes the determination of the extent and sources of contamination, and pathways between source and man.While the contamination of potable waters in some countries has led to measurable health effects, this scenario has not yet been identified in South West England, and there is little reason to believe that significantly contaminated potable water supplies would escape detection for extended periods of time under the current monitoring regime.In relative terms (based on both globaland local data), one of the most significant links between contaminated soils and humans appears to be contaminated food stuffs. In absolute terms, such exposure is low due to the natural constraints on arsenic uptake by herbage, cereal crops and vegetables, and the food chain does not appear to have been significantly compromised in South West England. Chronic health effects are unlikely as excessive arsenic concentrations in locally grown food crops remain rare.With the problems of confounding medical and social factors, it is not surprising that studies in South West England have failed to identify chronic exposure to arsenic at very low concentrations as a significant health risk. Those studies that indicate otherwise do not stand up to close scrutiny. It appears that the number of additional deaths arising from the widespread arsenic contamination in South West England is small. The relative benefits of a costly statistical study to actually determine the number of additional deaths might be considered minimal, but one major area could benefit from further studies: the sensitivity of certain population sub-groups to environmental arsenic exposure. Of particular interest are children, for whom significant exposure to arsenic via soil ingestion may be occurring.Based on available information, there appears to be no justification for a large programme of site remediation. Resources should, however, be expended on enlightening the general public, and private and governmental organisations as regards the gap between the perceived and actual significance of arsenic contamination in South West England.To whom correspondence should be addressed. 相似文献
150.