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121.
Xavier Querol Josep M Parés Felicià Plana José Luis Fernández-Turiel Angel López-Solar 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1994,16(1):9-18
The bulk magnetic susceptibility of sediments from artificial and natural lakes around a large coal-fired power station in NE Spain has been measured. Higher magnetic susceptibility values are found in lake sediments located SE of the power station. This distribution of susceptibility values is compatible with environmental and meterological studies of emissions from the power station, which indicate a dominant SE plume direction. Mineralogical studies, by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, show that the highest susceptibility values found in the sediments are caused by magnetic iron spinels in the fly ash that is transferred to the environment by the power station particulate emissions. After the quantitative mineralogical studies of fly ash, two different methods of fly ash content determination in the sediments have been devised, showing very similar results. The low background magnetic susceptibility of the sediments in the study area and the high susceptibility resulting from the input of magnetic fly ash particles allows both delimitation of the polluted area around the power station, and quantification of the fly ash input into the natural sediments. 相似文献
122.
燃煤灰渣中微量元素分布规律的研究 总被引:23,自引:2,他引:23
研究了锅炉飞灰和底灰中15种微量元素的含量和分布,探讨了煤炭燃烧后,微量元素在灰渣中的集散及其影响因素,飞灰和底灰中大多数元素高于全国土壤背景值,7种元素高于克拉克值,其余8种低于克拉克值,飞灰中多数元素的地球化学富集因子高于1,呈富集状态,而底灰中多数元素富集因子小于1,飞灰和底灰中微量元素含量与煤中微量元素含量呈线性关系,微量元素含量不仅与煤有关,还受锅炉燃烧方式等人为因素影响。 相似文献
123.
研究了烧结厂烟道烟尘和静电除尘器灰尘中二噁英的浓度和分布特征.结果显示,烧结台车机头烟道烟尘和机尾烟道烟尘中二噁英的总含量分别为867.49±215.41和170.35±51.12 pg·Nm-3,毒性当量分别36.53±4.47和9.13±2.40pg WHO-TEQ·Nm-3;机头静电除尘器灰尘和机尾静电除尘器灰尘的总含量分别为2423.59±100.01和157.29±36.83 pg·g-1 dw,毒性当量分别71.67±0.62和7.50±1.08 pg WHO-TEQ·g-1 dw.烧结中二噁英的分布以PCDFs为主,而且PCDFs各同系物的浓度与Cl原子取代数目呈负相关(r2=0.98).在WHO-TEQs中2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF的贡献最大,占总TEQ值的45%左右. 相似文献
124.
1IntroductionIthasbeenreportedthatmunicipalsolidwasteincinerationflyash(MSWFA)containsconsiderableamountsofheavymetals(Berg,1... 相似文献
125.
本文以某电厂的锅炉灰渣(飞灰和底灰)为研究对象,分析了24个飞灰和24个底灰样品中Hg,As,Se,Pb,Cd,Zn,Ba,Co,Cr,Cu,Li,Ni,V,Zr等微量元素的含量水平和分布规律,结果表明:飞灰中As、Pb、Zn、Ba、Cu、V、Zr和Li的含量大于10ppm,Hg和Cd含量在1ppm以下;与原煤相比,14种元素在飞灰中的含量更高。其中Hg、As、Cu、Ni、Cr、Co、Cd、Zn和V等元素的含量分别是原煤的2倍以上;除As和Se外,其余元素在底灰中的含量高于原煤。 相似文献
126.
U和Th是放射性元素,K、Fe、Mo、Mg和Zn是植物生长需要的必要营养元素。粉煤灰中U、Th、Fe和Mo的含量略高于空白土壤中Fe和Mo的含量,K、Mg和Zn的含量低于空白土壤中K、Mg和Zn的含量。掺施粉煤灰并没有引起施灰土壤及所产蔬菜中各元素含量的明显变化。与国家土壤环境质量标准及食品、卫生标准的限值相比,施灰土壤及所产蔬菜的U、Th、K、Fe、Mo、Mg和Zn的含量均在正常范围内波动。 相似文献
127.
利用粉煤灰中活性炭的吸附能力治理含铬废水 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过实验研究指出,运用粉煤灰可同时治理含铬废水中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)。结果表明,粉煤灰用量、废液酸度、振荡时间和温度等均对铬的去除效果存在一定影响。研究揭示,在常温(15~35℃)下,当粉煤灰的掺人比例为1:650、含铬废液pH为4.0~5.5、接触时间为40min时,粉煤灰可同时治理含铬废水中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ),其中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率在88%左右,Cr(Ⅲ)的去除率可达99%以上。该方法工艺简单,成本低廉,效果优良,具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
128.
Bures M Pekárek V Karban J Fiserová E 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(2):121-125
BACKGROUND, AIMS AND SCOPE: In the first part of this paper the main principles which control the dehalogenation of polychlorinated aromatic compounds on municipal waste incineration fly ash (MWI-FA) have been discussed and the model fly ash of similar dehalogenation activity has been proposed. Even if both systems show comparable dehalogenation properties, the main question concerning the postulated identical reaction mechanism in both cases is left unanswered. The other very important point is to what extent is this dechlorination mechanism thermodynamically controlled. The same problem is often discussed in the literature also for the de novo synthetic reactions. From the data it is clear that metallic copper plays a decisive role in the mechanism of the dehalogenation reaction. Although the results reported in the first part strongly support the idea that copper acts in this dechlorination as the reaction component, in contrast to its generally accepted catalytic behaviour, we believed that additional support for this conclusion can be obtained with the help of a thermodynamic interpretation of the mechanism of the reaction. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The pathways of hexachlorobenzene dechlorination on MWI-FA and model fly ash were studied in a closed system at 260-300 degrees C under nitrogen atmosphere. These pathways were the same for both systems, with the following prevailing sequences: hexachlorobenzene --> pentachlorobenzene --> 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene --> 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene --> 1,3-dichlorobenzene. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out by using the method of minimization total Gibbs energy of the whole system. In the calculations, the following reaction components were taken into account: all gaseous chlorinated benzenes, benzene, hydrogen chloride, a gaseous trimer Cu3Cl3, and also Cu2O and CuCl2 as solid components. The effect of the reaction temperature and the amount of copper and water vapour were considered as well. The effect of reaction temperature was determined from the data calculated for the 500 to 750 K temperature region. The effect of the initial composition was determined for the molar amounts of copper = 0.01-3 moles and water vapour = 0.2 to 3 moles per mole of chlorobenzene isomer CONCLUSIONS: The results of hexachlorobenzene dechlorination by MWI-FA and model fly ash under comparable reaction conditions allow us to conclude that both dechlorinations proceed via the same dechlorination pathways, which can be taken as an evidence of the identical dehalogenation mechanism for both systems. The relative percentual distribution of the dehalogenated products depends on the temperature, but not on the initial amount of water vapour or copper metal. On the other hand, the initial amount of copper substantially affects the conversion of the dehalogenation as well as the molar ratio of Cu3Cl3 to HCl in the equilibrium mixture. Comparison of the experimental with thermodynamic results supports the idea that dehalogenation reactions are thermodynamically controlled. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: Thermodynamic analysis of the dehalogenation reactions may prove useful for a wide range of pollutants. The calculations concerning polychlorinated biphenyls and phenols are under study. 相似文献
129.
130.