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91.
92.
Particle-reactive, naturally occurring radionuclides are useful tracers of the sinking flux of organic matter from the surface to the deep ocean. Since the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) began in 1987, the disequilibrium between 234Th and its parent 238U has become widely used as a technique to measure particle export fluxes from surface ocean waters. Another radionuclide pair, 210Po and 210Pb, can be used for the same purpose but has not been as widely adopted due to difficulty with accurately constraining the 210Po/210Pb radiochemical balance in the ocean and because of the more time-consuming radiochemical procedures. Direct comparison of particle flux estimated in different ocean regions using these short-lived radionuclides is important in evaluating their utility and accuracy as tracers of particle flux. In this paper, we present paired 234Th/238U and 210Po/210Pb data from oligotrophic surface waters of the subtropical Northwest Atlantic and discuss their advantages and limitations. Vertical profiles of total and particle size-fractionated 210Po and 234Th activities, together with particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations, were measured during three seasons at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site. Both 210Po and 234Th reasonably predict sinking POC flux caught in sediment traps, and each tracer provides unique information about the magnitude and efficiency of the ocean's biological pump. 相似文献
93.
通过批式振荡及溶出模拟实验研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、吐温80(TW80)及脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)对石油污染含水层介质的脱附净化效果, 考察了振荡时间、SDS浓度、脱附净化流程等对污染物净化效率的影响。结果表明: SDS对石油污染的脱附净化效果优于TW80及AES, 适宜的振荡时间为3 h, 适宜的SDS浓度为4.0 g·L-1; 脱附净化流程实验证实, 按照流程3(首先采用去离子水脱附, 然后采用4.0 g·L-1的SDS溶液进行脱附, 最后采用去离子水脱附)进行脱附净化后, 污染物溶出浓度最低, 推荐流程3作为适宜的脱附净化流程。经上述推荐的实验条件处理后, 含水层介质溶出模拟实验中TPH浓度降低了99%以上, 接近地下水质量标准Ⅳ类限值; 苯浓度降低超过了87%, 低于地下水质量标准Ⅳ类限值, 污染含水层环境及人体健康风险大大降低。基于SDS的脱附净化技术是一种有工程应用前景的石油污染含水层介质修复技术。 相似文献
94.
Jonathan D. Choquette Jacqueline D. Litzgus Joanne X. Y. Gui Trevor E. Pitcher 《Conservation biology》2023,37(1):e14016
Advancements in the field of reintroduction biology are needed, but understanding of how to effectively conduct translocations, particularly with snakes, is lacking. We conducted a systematic review of snake translocation studies to identify potential tactics for reducing postrelease effects. We included studies on intentional, human-mediated, wild–wild, or captive–wild translocations to any location, regardless of motive or number of snakes translocated. Only studies that presented results for at least 1 of 4 outcomes (movement behavior, site fidelity, survival, or population establishment) were included. We systematically searched 4 databases for published studies and used 5 methods to search the gray literature. Our search and screening criteria yielded 121 data sources, representing 130 translocation cases. We quantified the association between 15 translocation tactics and short-term translocation outcomes by calculating odds ratios and used forest plots to display results. Snake translocations involved 47 species (from mainly 2 families), and most were motivated by research, were monitored for at least 6 months, occurred in North America, and took place from the 1990s onward. The odds of a positive snake translocation outcome were highest with release of captive reared or juvenile snakes, release of social groups together, delayed release, provision of environmental enrichment or social housing before release, or minimization of distance translocated. The odds of a positive outcome were lowest when snakes were released early in their active season. Our results do not demonstrate causation, but outcomes of snake translocation were associated with 8 tactics (4 of which were strongly correlated). In addition to targeted comparative studies, we recommend practitioners consider the possible influence of these tactics when planning snake translocations. 相似文献
95.
96.
Marilyn Ginsberg 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1981,17(1):133-137
ABSTRACT: Nebraska statutes give first preference for use of ground water to domestic purposes, second to agriculture, and third to manufacturing or industrial purposes. Rapid growth in the number of irrigation wells has caused an increasing number of water use conflicts. One such conflict arose from the installation and use of an irrigation well near Madison in Madison County, Nebraska. Pumping from the irrigation well coincided with head declines in nearby domestic wells screened in the same sand and gravel, but appeared unrelated to water level changes in wells screened in a higher saturated sand. A drawdown-recovery test was performed to determine the degree of hydraulic connection between the wells involved. Operation of the irrigation well was determined to be the cause of the head decline in nearby domestic wells screened in the same sand and gravel. Partly as a result of this conflict, legislation recently introduced into the state legislature would require that wells of higher preference be “reasonably” constructed if wells of lower preference are to be held liable for head loss. 相似文献
97.
通过对焦作污水处理厂处理工艺特点的研究,分析了其电耗的组成和重点,提出了主要耗电环节的节电措施.每月节约电费12万元。 相似文献
98.
水力坡度对溪流钙华沉积的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在有钙华沉积的云南白水台景区引水渠道中,通过水准测量以及导线测量的方法,获得了引水渠道各研究点的相对高程和距离。利用流速仪测定了各研究点的水流流速,通过计算获得了各研究点的总水头和水力坡度。利用水化学记录仪,在短时间内测定了各研究点的电导率、水温与pH值,结合现场滴定以及室内水样分析的结果,计算出各点的方解石饱和指数和二氧化碳分压。发现在方解石饱和指数大于0.8的研究渠段,电导率、Ca2+和HCO3-浓度沿水流方向降低,经成因分析与数学推导,得出Ca2+浓度与总水头呈线性关系,水力坡度与渠段上的钙华沉积量也呈线性关系,这是岩溶作用动力学扩散边界层控制理论的具体体现,也即水力坡度越大,流速越快,扩散边界层越薄,碳酸钙沉积速率越大。 相似文献
99.
孙集平 《辽宁城乡环境科技》2009,(4):38-40
对沈阳市目前运行的7座污水处理厂及污水特征参数进行了论述和推算,以北部污水处理厂为例,结合沈阳城市污水源热泵系统规划,通过调查分析供暖企业的燃煤现状及供暖情况,推算出了采用污水供暖取代燃煤供暖后的环境效益和经济效益,并对沈阳建立污水源热泵系统面临的问题提出了对策和建议。 相似文献
100.
在热泵蒸发过程中,二次蒸汽压缩比是个至关重要的参数,它直接关系到热泵蒸发的经济程度。对热泵蒸发中的传热过程及可利用的余热作了全面分析。最后对热泵蒸发在浓缩垃圾渗滤液中的应用进行了探讨。 相似文献