层状半空间中沉积谷地对入射SV波的放大作用——时域解答

利用傅里叶变换方法,研究了层状半空间中沉积谷地对SV波的时域散射问题。首先,通过傅里叶变换将时域问题转换为离散的频域问题,针对有效频率成分采用间接边界元方法求解频域响应,再将所得频域结果进行傅里叶逆变换得到时域解答。通过与已有结果的对比,验证了方法的正确性。最后,以基岩上单一土层中沉积谷地在R icker波入射下的散射问题为例进行了数值计算分析,结果表明,沉积谷地和土层的存在都会造成振动持续时间的增长;层状半空间中沉积谷地和均匀半空间中沉积谷地对波的放大作用存在显著差别。文中分析了造成该差别的原因,并讨论了覆盖层厚度和刚度对散射效应的影响。     

航电电源板层间CAF短路失效机理及退化时间分析

目的 掌握CAF失效机理MTTF分析方法,以便于在实际案例中实施工程优化决策,从而降低故障危害风险和寿命周期总费用。方法 以某航电电源母板CAF失效为例,基于CAF失效机理的物理化学变化时间特性模型算法,建立电压、介质间距和MTTF变化关系,以辅助工程优化决策。结果 基于仿真计算数据,形成对特定范围产品的改进和处置决策,从而限制失效危害风险的进一步扩散,降低了产品生命周期维护费用,并提升了客户满意度。结论 掌握装备常见失效机理和采取适宜的应对措施,是持续改进装备可用性、可靠性和环境适应性的必要条件。     

时延神经网络对宝兴树蛙异质种群鸣叫的聚类分析

对瓦屋山宝兴树蛙3个不同海拔分布(A:山下;B:山腰;C:山上)的异质种群鸣叫的时频参数进行分析,发现三地鸣叫各参数互相重叠,无明显界线.常规统计分析不能使三地的鸣叫聚类为各自的组.使用时延神经网络对三地宝兴树蛙鸣叫的时频参数进行有指导聚类,发现三种群鸣叫有地区性差异,并表现出由个体交流引起的山腰种群群体特征的不显著.推测差异可能是因为长期地理隔离所导致.基于神经网络的分析结果,对各种群间的个体交流情况进行了初步估计.图6表1参20     

A field experiment characterizing variable detection rates during plant surveys

Surveys aimed at finding threatened and invasive species can be challenging due to individual rarity and low and variable individual detection rates. Detection rate in plant surveys typically varies due to differences among observers, among the individual plants being surveyed (targets), and across background environments. Interactions among these 3 components may occur but are rarely estimated due to limited replication and control during data collection. We conducted an experiment to investigate sources of variation in detection of 2 Pilosella species that are invasive and sparsely distributed in the Alpine National Park, Australia. These species are superficially similar in appearance to other yellow-flowered plants occurring in this landscape. We controlled the presence and color of flowers on target Pilosella plants and controlled their placement in plots, which were selected for their variation in cover of non-target yellow flowers and dominant vegetation type. Observers mimicked Pilosella surveys in the plots and reported 1 categorical and 4 quantitative indicators of their survey experience level. We applied survival analysis to detection data to model the influence of both controlled and uncontrolled variables on detection rate. Orange- and yellow-flowering Pilosella in grass- and heath-dominated vegetation were detected at a higher rate than nonflowering Pilosella. However, this detection gain diminished as the cover of other co-occurring yellow-flowering species increased. Recent experience with Pilosella surveys improved detection rate. Detection experiments are a direct and accessible means of understanding detection processes and interpreting survey data for threatened and invasive species. Our detection findings have been used for survey planning and can inform progress toward eradication. Interaction of target and background characteristics determined detection rate, which enhanced predictions in the Pilosella eradication program and demonstrated the difficulty of transferring detection findings into untested environments.     

高原生境不同水力停留时间下A2/O工艺活性污泥微生物代谢机制研究

在高原生境下构建不同水力停留时间(HRT)运行工况的A²/O系统,结合水质分析及对好氧池活性污泥的16S rRNA基因测序,对微生物优势菌属功能和代谢途径进行研究。结果表明:高原生境下HRT为26.25 h时A²/O工艺处理效果总体最好,微生物优势菌属代谢功能以有机物降解、反硝化脱氮和聚磷菌除磷为主,代谢途径以碳氮磷代谢为主;在高原生境下,应对外界环境变化的细菌双组分调节功能(ko02020)丰度较大,该代谢途径在适应环境变化中有显著作用,是高原生境下的优势代谢途径;微生物细胞中rpoE基因丰度偏大,为微生物适应高原环境提供了保障。HRT为26.25 h时微生物功能基因总丰度最大,可见26.25 h是高原生境下A²/O工艺最佳HRT运行工况。     

重污染天气应对“绩效分级、差异化管控”措施首次实践效果后评估

为提高重污染天气应对的科学性和精准度,2019年7月生态环境部制定重污染天气应对“绩效分级、差异化管控”措施.为应对9月底至10月初的重污染过程,京津冀及周边共68个城市启动重污染预警,该措施得以首次实践.通过时间序列断点回归方法对该措施效果进行评估发现,空气质量改善存在滞后的现象,SO₂、 NO₂和CO这3个气态污染物改善速度较快,对涉及二次生成的O₃和PM_2.5两个污染物见效速度相对较慢. 10月1日恰逢在北京举办庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年阅兵式,对10月1日当天进行评估,发现与假如不采取措施的情形相比,重污染应急措施使北京市PM_2.5、 NO₂和CO日均浓度显著下降,下降幅度分别为54.1%、 62.4%和25.8%.如果不采取重污染应急措施,北京10月1日上午可能出现中重度污染,但实际上空气质量保持在良的水平.区域启动预警的68城市PM_2.5、 PM₁₀、 NO₂、 SO     

CO2注气压力对CH4驱替特性影响实验研究*

为研究CO2驱替CH4过程中注气压力对气体解吸特性的影响,采用自主搭建的驱替实验平台,在0.6,0.8,1.0 MPa不同注气压力下进行驱替实验,研究CO2驱替CH4过程中煤层温度、气体浓度、置换效率和渗透率等变化规律。实验结果表明:提高CO2注气压力可提高CO2置换驱替煤层CH4的效果。随着注气压力增大,CH4累计解吸量增大,CO2突破时间越短,CO2封存量越大,置换效率升高,驱替比下降。注气压力为0.6,0.8,1.0 MPa时,CH4累计解吸量分别为90.2,94.1,97.8 L;CO2封存量分别为19.73,19.92,20.21 mL/g;置换效率由76.9%上升到80.2%再到82.9%,驱替比由3.28下降到3.17再到3.09。注气驱替CH4过程中煤层温度升高,可分为低速升温、高速升温和趋于平缓阶段。煤层温度最高变化量分别为9.4,11.5,12.7 ℃。同一注气压力下,煤层渗透率变化可分为缓慢增长、急剧下降和趋于稳定阶段。     

湖南衡阳地区乙型肝炎患者HBV基因分型与血清HBVDNA水平研究

分析了湖南衡阳地区乙型肝炎病毒基因型分布特征,并探讨HBV各基因型与血清HBVDNA水平之间的关系．采用荧光定量PCR结合TaqmanMGB探针技术,对湖南衡阳地区164份乙型肝炎患者血清中的HBVDNA进行基因分型和定量检测．结果164例血清中,C型110A．（67．1％）,B、C型37人（22．3％）,B型8人（5．1％）,D型1人（0．6％）,A型1人（0．6％）．C型与B、C混合型在HBVDNA水平上存在显著差异（t=2．433,P〈0．05）,B、C混合型的HBVDNA水平明显高于C型．由此得出湖南衡阳地区HBV基因型以C型为主、B、C混合型次之,B型较少,D型、A型极少;B、C混合型患者的HBVDNA数量水平显著高于C型．表1．参11．     

OREGON WATER QUALITY INDEX A TOOL FOR EVALUATING WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS1

ABSTRACT: The Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI) is a single number that expresses water quality by integrating measurements of eight water quality variables (temperature, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, pH, ammonia+nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, total solids, and fecal coliform). Its purpose is to provide a simple and concise method for expressing the ambient water quality of Oregon's streams for general recreational use, including fishing and swimming. The OWQI, originally developed in the 1970s, has been updated based upon improved understanding about water quality behavior. This report describes the historical basis of the OWQI and defines the improved design of the present OWQI. The index allows users to easily interpret data and relate overall water quality variation to variations in specific categories of impairment. This report demonstrates the value of the OWQI in presenting spatial and temporal water quality information. The OWQI improves comprehension of general water quality issues, communicates water quality status, and illustrates the need for and effectiveness of protective practices.     

CHAOTIC FORECASTING OF DISCHARGE TIME SERIES: A CASE STUDY1

ABSTRACT: This paper considers the problem of forecasting the discharge time series of a river by means of a chaotic approach. To this aim, we first check for some evidence of chaotic behavior in the dynamic by considering a set of different procedures, namely, the phase portrait of the attractor, the correlation dimension, and the largest Lyapunov exponent. Their joint application seems to confirm the presence of a nonlinear deterministic dynamic of chaotic type. Second, we consider the so‐called nearest neighbors predictor and we compare it with a classical linear model. By comparing these two predictors, it seems that nonlinear river flow modeling, and in particular chaotic modeling, is an effective method to improve predictions.