动态载荷作用下大型复杂结构的振动疲劳分析方法综述

首先从目前存在的疲劳损伤现象拓展到工程各行业中服役结构的疲劳损伤情况,分析了振动疲劳损伤作用机理,并论述了振动疲劳研究的意义,阐述了振动疲劳的定义,其次分析了振动疲劳分析方法的国内外发展情况及研究现状。此外,通过对振动疲劳研究相关文献的梳理,总结出一些振动疲劳时域与频域方面的研究方法,并分析了各方法的优缺点。最后,根据在振动疲劳研究目前存在的一些问题,归纳出未来的研究发展方向。     

酸化时间对磁性碳纳米管制备及吸附菲的影响

采用共沉淀法对混酸氧化的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）进行磁化,形成了Fe₃O₄/MWCNTs磁性复合材料（MMWCNTs）.研究了酸化时间对MMWCNTs制备及其吸附水中菲性能的影响.结果表明：弱酸条件下吸附效果较好,MMWCNTs对水中菲的吸附在30min内快速上升,到60min时基本达到平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型.MMWCNTs对水中菲的饱和吸附量随酸化时间增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势.酸化7h后制备的MMWCNTs的饱和吸附量最大,达到17.56μg/mg.     

双滤料曝气生物滤池污水深度处理的研究

采用陶粒、沸石为滤料的曝气生物滤池对生物处理系统二级出水进行深度处理回用,研究了水力停留时间、气水体积比对污染物COD和NH3-N处理效果的影响。结果表明：水力停留时间为8 h,气水体积比为3∶1的工况下,处理效果较好。稳定运行后,出水COD、BOD5、SS、NH3-N、TP和色度平均值分别为15.6 mg/L、3.2 mg/L、8.5 mg/L、1.24 mg/L、0.40mg/L和8度,达到《城市污水再生利用—城市杂用水水质》（GB/T 18920-2002）标准,出水可用于道路清扫、绿化等。     

粤港澳大湾区旅游竞争力与城市化的耦合协调度及其对地方经济的影响

研究旅游竞争力与城市化的耦合协调效应对地方经济的影响具有重要意义。以粤港澳大湾区为例,利用2007—2019年的时间序列数据,构建旅游竞争力—城市化的耦合协调度评价模型,通过固定效应模型检验耦合协调度与地方经济之间的因果关系,最后利用VAR模型作进一步分析。研究发现：（1）粤港澳大湾区旅游竞争力和城市化的耦合协调度在波动中上升,不同地区波动时点和波幅存在差异;（2）地方经济增长和耦合协调度间呈现正相关,在时间序列上存在长期稳定关系;（3）广州、东莞、江门和澳门的耦合协调度对地方经济产生显著的冲击效应与方差贡献,其中广州和澳门的响应积极迅速,东莞存在滞后性,江门波动较大。研究结果对建成“宜居宜业宜游”湾区具有一定参考价值。     

厌氧/微好氧与A/(O/A)n运行时间配比对SNDPR的影响

在SBR反应器中采用厌氧/微好氧与A/（O/A）_n交替运行模式,考察运行过程中污染物的去除效果、颗粒污泥特性及EPS分泌情况等,探讨厌氧/微好氧与A/（O/A）_n的运行时间配比对短程硝化反硝化除磷（SNDPR）系统的影响.结果表明,在厌氧/微好氧与A/（O/A）_n交替运行方式下,整个运行期间对COD的平均去除率始终保持在90%以上.当厌氧/微好氧与A/（O/A）_n运行时间配比为1：1时,系统内的脱氮除磷性能均有所提高,TP和TN的平均去除率分别达到了95.87%和92.00%,颗粒污泥的结构更为密实,EPS含量达到了92.60mg/gVSS,PN/PS维持在较高水平,而运行时间配比为1：3和3：1时颗粒的稳定性均略有降低.系统内以亚硝酸盐为电子受体的反硝化聚磷菌占比达到了57.76%,比氨氧化速率（以N/VSS计）达到了4.57mg/（g·h）,表明厌氧/微好氧与A/（O/A） n运行时间配比为1：1时提高了功能菌的活性,有利于维持良好的短程硝化反硝化除磷性能.     

Investigations on explosion characteristics of ethyl acetate

In this study, the confined explosion characteristics of ethyl acetate were investigated in a constant volume explosion vessel using the initial pressure of 1–4 bar, the initial temperature of 358–418 K, and the equivalence ratio of 0.8–1.4. It was revealed that the peak explosion pressure and the maximum pressure rise rate of ethyl acetate increased as the initial pressure increased and the initial temperature decreased. The peak explosion pressure and maximum pressure rise rate were obtained at the equivalence ratio of 1.2 due to increased heat release rate. Furthermore, the explosion time decreased as the initial pressure decreased. In summation, EA experimental and theoretical deflagration index were investigated and compared. The experimental deflagration index showed that EA explosion was less dangerous, whereas the theoretical deflagration predicted that the explosion could be more hazardous.     

Analysis of herbicide residues by gas chromatography

The extraction and clean‐up, and gas Chromatographic conditions for the detection and determination of herbicides, their metabolites and related compounds are reviewed. The literature material is examined critically in the text and presented in tabular form for quick reference. The section dealing with extraction/clean‐up techniques is sub‐divided with respect to water, soil, plant material, animal, fish and micro‐organisms. Under eight herbicide group headings the important gas Chromatographic parameters such as stationary phase, support phase, column temperature and mode of detection are tabulated. Also tabulated are the application of various detectors to herbicide analyses and limits of detection where information was available. Most commonly used liquid and support phases are listed and their frequency of use given. Different aspects of derivative formation used for the positive identification and quantitation of herbicides are discussed with emphasis on esterification, alkylation and silylation. Other important conversion techniques are outlined, particularly those associated with enhancement of sensitivity e.g. bromination, iodination, dinitrophenylation etc. Efforts that have been made towards general and automated analytical methods are discussed.     

Predicting the time needed for environmental systematic reviews and systematic maps

Systematic reviews (SRs) and systematic mapping aim to maximize transparency and comprehensiveness while minimizing subjectivity and bias. These are time-consuming and complex tasks, so SRs are considered resource intensive, but published estimates of systematic-review resource requirements are largely anecdotal. We analyzed all Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) SRs (n = 66) and maps (n = 20) published from 2012 to 2017 to estimate the average number of articles retained at each review stage. We also surveyed 33 experienced systematic reviewers to collate information on the rate at which those stages could be completed. In combination, these data showed that the average CEE SR takes an estimated 164 d (full-time equivalent) (SD 23), and the average CEE systematic map (SM) (excluding critical appraisal) takes 211 d (SD 53). While screening titles and abstracts is widely considered time-consuming, metadata extraction and critical appraisal took as long or longer to complete, especially for SMs. Given information about the planned methods and evidence base, we created a software tool that predicts time requirements of a SR or map with evidence-based defaults as a starting point. Our results shed light on the most time-consuming stages of the SR and mapping processes, will inform review planning, and can direct innovation to streamline processes. Future predictions of effort required to complete SRs and maps could be improved if authors provide more details on methods and results.     

中国城市建成区绿化覆盖率变化特征及影响因素分析

城市建成区绿地建设有利于改善城市环境,提高人居适宜度,优化城市生态系统服务功能。基于2002—2018年建成区绿化覆盖率及影响因子数据分析了中国城市建成区绿化覆盖率变化特征及其主要影响因素,结果表明,(1)中国建成区绿化覆盖率在2018年达到了41.11%,相比2002年增加了11.36%,2018年绿化覆盖率达到了35.0%以上的城市占全国城市的93.55%。(2)中国建成区绿化覆盖率存在明显的区域差异。按照华北、东北、华东、中南、西南和西北六个地区划分中国城市区域,华东地区的城市建成区绿化覆盖率最高,中南地区次之,其余四个地区为华北地区>东北地区>西北地区>西南地区;各地区建成区绿化覆盖率随时间发生显著变化(P<0.05),华北地区绿化覆盖率发生显著变化的城市占比最高达94.60%,中南地区最低为65.88%。(3)建成区绿化覆盖率与城市化指标(地区生产总值GDP、地区人均生产总值PGDP、绿化投入LP、建成区面积BUA、城区面积百分比UAP、建成区面积百分比BUAP、总人口TP、城市人口密度UPD、城区人口UP、建成区人口BUP、城区人口百分比UPP、建成区人口百分比BUPP)和气候因子(年平均温度YT、年平均湿度YH和年降雨量YW)均呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),其中PGDP、LI、BUAP、UAP、UPD、BUPP和YT、YW、YH是影响建成区绿化覆盖率的最主要因子。本研究结果可为中国未来城市绿地建设均衡发展提供重要的理论参考依据。     

油田产出水型地热资源利用探讨——以大庆油田为例

地热是一种清洁的可再生能源,随着传统能源的日益枯竭和人类对环境保护的意识增强,进入中高含水期后的油田在油气生产中携带的大量热能受到了人们的重视。论文以松辽盆地北部的大庆油田为例,根据含油气沉积盆地中地下赋存的载体不同将地热资源分为纯地下水型和油田产出水型地热资源两种。通过分析热源的形成机制,调查油田产出水型地热资源的利用现状,统计出大庆油田年油田产出水量为3.98×10⁸ m³,按照利用10 ℃温差的热能计算,相当于56.95×10⁴ t标准煤的能量,潜力十分巨大,并比较了油田产出水型地热资源热泵供暖与传统锅炉供暖的设备成本和运行费用,以15 a为周期稳定运行可以节约572×10⁴元,经济效益也较为可观,而且地热资源清洁、环保、可循环利用,在油田实际生产中可广泛应用于生活设施等建筑的供暖,以及原油集输伴热等流程中。