吹扫捕集-气相色谱法测定水中的乙醛和丙烯醛

建立了吹扫捕集-气相色谱法测定水样中乙醛和丙烯醛的方法,并对吹扫捕集测试条件进行优化,考察了吹扫温度和吹扫时间对吹扫捕集效率和方法检出限的影响。在50℃下,吹扫时间为20 min时,该方法乙醛和丙烯醛的检出限分别为0.001 2 mg/L、0.000 6 mg/L,相对标准偏差分别为3.5%～6.9%、2.9%～5.8%,加标回收率分别为91.6%～108%、92.0%～105%。与GB3838-2002推荐使用的分析方法相比较,该方法具有操作简便、灵敏度高、重复性好、基本上不消耗有机溶剂等特点,可满足地表水和废水中乙醛和丙烯醛的测定要求。     

Acetaldehyde residue in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles

A simple sample preparation technique was developed for rapid analysis of acetaldehyde residue in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles. A laboratory-built heating system was used and coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) at optimized conditions. The results were a tremendous reduction of the sample preparation time from 24 hours, for the conventional method, to only one hour. The analysis took only 1.5 min with other good analytical performances i.e. a low detection limit, 0.3 ng mL^{? 1} and a wide linear dynamic range, 0.3 ng mL^{? 1} to 6.6 μ g mL^{? 1} with R² > 0.99.Acetaldehyde residue in freshly blown bottles were analyzed and found in the range of 0.4 to 1.1 ng mL^{? 1}. The results were good agreement with the conventional 24-hour airspace method (P < 0.01). The PET-bottle sampling technique was also developed to minimize the complication of sample transportation and pre-concentration. A purge and trap technique was found to be the most suitable. Then, it was implemented and compared, the results showed no significant difference (P < 0.01) with and without purge and trap.     

吹扫捕集与气相色谱-质谱联用测定饮用水和地表水中挥发性有机污染物

报道了Trap I(VOCARB 4000)柱捕集水中挥发性有机污染物的性能和条件,建立了吹扫捕集和气相色谱-质谱联用测定饮用水和地表水样中25种挥发性有机污染物的分析方法.水样的加标回收率在90%～110%之间,最低检测限在0.04～0.85μg/L之间,20μg/L的挥发性有机物标准溶液经重复6次测定,其相对标准偏差基本小于5.0%.该方法已成功地运用于饮用水和地表水中挥发性有机污染物的测定,结果令人满意.     

吹扫捕集／气相色谱－质谱法测定水中挥发性有机物的质量控制研究

影响吹扫捕集／气相色谱－质谱法测定水中挥发性有机物的因素很多,如空气中的挥发性有机物可能通过采样瓶的扩散,使准确性和可靠性降低。结合环境监测工作实际,按分流比20∶1分流进样,选择11＃捕集阱,样品解析时选择解析时间0．5 min,选择吹扫管支座温度为40℃,选择与目标化合物相比相对保留时间在0．8～1．20之间内标物,同时样品采集、保存、运输和器皿清洗等条件严格按照国标方法进行,可以确保吹扫捕集／气相色谱－质谱法测定的精密度和准确度。     

Aerobic degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether by a Proteobacteria strain in a closed culture system

The contamination of methyl ten-butyl ether （MTBE） in underground waters has become a widely concerned problem all over the world. In this study, a novel dosed culture system with oxygen supplied by H2O2 was introduced for MTBE aerobic biodegradation. After 7 d, almost all MTBE was degraded by a pure culture, a member of β-Proteobacteria named as PMI, in a closed system with oxygen supply, while only 40% MTBE was degraded in one without oxygen supply. Dissolved oxygen （DO） levels of the broth in closed systems respectively with and without H2O2 were about 5-6 and 4 mg/L. Higher DO may improve the activity of monooxygemase, which is the key enzyme of metabolic pathway from MTBE to tert-butyl alcohol and finally to CO2, and may result in the increase of the degrading activity of PM1 cell. The purge and trap GC-MS result of the broth in closed systems showed that tea-butyl alcohol, isopronol and acetone were the main intermediate products.     

深圳妈湾排海工程非设计条件下海水入侵与冲洗研究

本文从微观的角度，分析了排海工程扩散管内海水入侵与冲洗的临界水力特点，并通过理论分析和物理模型试验的相互验证，得出了上述临界水力条件的判别关系式，提出了判别方法，并由此得到了深圳妈湾排海工程防止海水入侵的临界排放流量和出现海水入侵后的最小冲洗流量，为排海工程在非设计条件下的运行管理提供了依据。     

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell purge and fan control using a microcontroller

This study used Programmable System-on-Chip to make a fuel cell controller to manage the fuel cell operating environment. When a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is reacting, its performance is closely related to the operating conditions, such as temperature, water management, etc. This article investigates purge time interval control and the related characteristics. The controller developed in this study is free from additional power requirements, using only the power provided by the fuel cell.     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱／质谱法测定水中25种挥发性有机物研究

建立了吹扫捕集与气相色谱／质谱联用测定水中25种挥发性有机物的分析方法。该方法的加标回收率在90％-119％之间,响应因子（RF）的相对标准偏差均小于20％,检出限在0．04μg／L-0．22μg／L之间。该方法具有简单、快速、准确、灵敏,无其他有机物的污染等优点,适用于地表水、地下水和饮用水中挥发性有机物的测定,结果令人满意。     

吹扫捕集气质联用法测定水中4种挥发性有机物

建立了吹扫捕集气相色谱质谱联用法测定水中吡啶、丙烯腈、四乙基铅和松节油的方法,对吹扫时间进行了优化,研究了pH值对吹扫捕集率的影响。结果表明,在pH值为6¹0时,吹扫时间为11 min时吹扫捕集效率最高,用脉冲控制自动进标样的方法绘制工作曲线,曲线相关系数在0.99610时,吹扫时间为11 min时吹扫捕集效率最高,用脉冲控制自动进标样的方法绘制工作曲线,曲线相关系数在0.996⁰.999 9之间,方法的检出限在0.060.999 9之间,方法的检出限在0.06¹.0μg/L之间,相对标准偏差在1.1%1.0μg/L之间,相对标准偏差在1.1%⁶.2%之间,方法具有很好的线性和精密度。方法用于地表水、生活污水和化工废水中吡啶、丙烯腈、四乙基铅和松节油测定,并进行了加标回收实验,地表水回收率在86.8%6.2%之间,方法具有很好的线性和精密度。方法用于地表水、生活污水和化工废水中吡啶、丙烯腈、四乙基铅和松节油测定,并进行了加标回收实验,地表水回收率在86.8%¹12.1%之间,生活污水回收率在91.9%112.1%之间,生活污水回收率在91.9%⁹9%之间,废水回收率在82.2%～104.3%之间,表明方法具很好的准确度,可用于地表水、生活污水和化工废水中吡啶、丙烯腈、四乙基铅和松节油测定。     

吹扫捕集—气相色谱／质谱联用测定饮用水中59种挥发性有机物

建立了吹扫捕集一气相色谱／质谱联用测定饮用水中59种挥发性有机物的方法,方法检出限为0．004～0．085μg/L,可满足饮用水中特定有机分析项目的检测要求。