纳米TiO2光催化剂负载技术研究

纳米TiO2光催化剂在废水处理、空气净化等环保领域具有诱人的应用前景,将其负载于一定的载体上,并设计出高效的光反应器是其实用化的关键之一.本文对纳米TiO2光催化剂负载所用载体、固定方法及其效果、相关光催化化学反应器作了综合评述.     

柴油机排放颗粒物净化技术研究进展

柴油机被认为是城市大气微粒的主要污染源。柴油机颗粒物组成复杂并且颗粒粒径甚小,大都属于亚微米级粒子和纳米级粒子。因而柴油机颗粒物对人类健康和大气环境的影响受到世人的广泛关注。本文主要对柴油机排放颗粒物的生成机理、化学组成及危害、物理性质、检测方法和净化技术等方面进行综述与探讨。     

萍钢301#高炉煤气干法净化长袋脉冲除尘器的设计与制造

资省、占地小、自动化程度高、管理方便、无二次污染、节能等众多优点,介绍了萍乡钢铁有限责任公司第二炼铁厂３０１＃高炉（３８０ｍ３）移地大修改造项目高炉煤气干法净化长袋脉冲除尘器的设计与制造。     

Process conditions of preparing methanol from cornstalk gas

The low-heat-value cornstalk gas produced in the down-flow fixed bed gasifier was tentatively used for methanol synthesis. The cornstalk gas was purified and the technical procedures such as deoxygenation, desulfurization, catalytic cracking of tar, purification and hydrogenation were studied. The catalytic experiments of methanol synthesis with cornstalk syngas were carried out in a tubular-flow integral and isothermal reactor. The effect of reaction temperature, pressure, catalysttypes, catalyst particle size, syngas flow at entering end and composition of syngas was investigated. The optimum process conditions and yield of methanol from cornstalk syngas were obtained. The experimental results indicated that the proper catalyst of the synthetic reaction was C301 and the optimum catalyst size (φ) was 0.833 mm×0.351 mm. The optimum operating temperature and pressure were found to be 235℃ and 5 Mpa, respectively. The suitable syngas flow 0.9-1.10 mol/h at entering end was selected and the best composition of syngas were CO 10.49%, CO2 8.8%, N2 37.32%, CnHm 0.95% and H2 40.49%. The best methanol yield is 0.418 g/g cornstalk. The study provided the technical support for the industrial test of methanol production from biomass (cornstalk)gas.     

THE STABILITY IN WATER OF A NEW CHLORAMINE DISINFECTANT AS A FUNCTION OF pH,TEMPERATURE, AND WATER QUALITY1

The stabilities in water and dry storage of two solid-state disinfectants (3-chloro-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, agent I, and calcium hypochlorite) have been compared under a variety of conditions. Variables in the study included pH, temperature, and water quality. Agent I is considerably more stable in dry storage and in water, especially at pH 4.5 and 7.0, than is calcium hypochlorite. This is true for solutions of the two compounds in sterile, distilled, deionized, demandfree water or in a synthetic water containing heavy organic load. Prior work in these laboratories concerning use of agent I as a disinfectant for lake water in a laboratory-scale treatment plant had suggested that agent I has considerable potential for use as an alternative to cholorine gas for water disinfection. The present work suggests that agent I is of sufficient stability to be of use as a solid-state disinfectant for swimming pools and for potable water for remote areas.     

A NOVEL CHLORAMINE COMPOUND FOR WATER DISINFECTION1

A new chloramine agent, 3-chloio-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, has been tested in a laboratory scale water treatment plant as to its efficacy in water disinfection. The agent seems to be equally effective as compared to chlorine gas in this application. The results of preliminary toxicity studies on the agent are very encouraging. The agent has a long shelf life both in water solution and in the solid state. Being a solid, the agent is clearly less hazardous to handle than chlorine gas. The agent appears to inhibit oxidative corrosion of metals as well. The agent is less likely to produce toxic halocarbons (e.g., chloroform) in water than is chlorine gas. Possibly most important from the standpoint of water disinfection, the agent is a “slow release” one for its positive chlorine, which provides prolonged bactericidal activity.     

雨水花园运行寿命分析与价值估算

雨水花园作为典型的低影响(LID)开发设施之一,在径流量削减和污染物净化方面起着重要作用.为探索雨水花园运行寿命和估算其功能价值,于2011年3月—2017年10月对西安理工大学校内3个雨水花园进行了16～40场不等的降雨监测.结果表明,雨水花园的径流量削减率和污染负荷削减率呈先增大后减小的趋势.结合污染负荷削减,提出了雨水花园"三阶段净化"概念—即净化增长期、净化稳定期和净化衰弱期,简称TSP概念,并绘制了P-F概念图.排水型和入渗型雨水花园各功能价值排序为:涵养水资源水质净化维持生物多样性调节气候提供美学景观;入渗型雨水花园综合价值和单位面积价值分别是排水雨水花园的4.16倍和4.84倍.     

室内颗粒物的稳态置换流净化机制

对室内颗粒物输运扩散进行了机理上的探讨.用时间空间尺度分析方法,把颗粒物通量分解为宏观平均运动δ尺度的平移滑移,湍流运动的η微尺度的湍流扩散,以及分子运动λ尺度的布朗运动4部分,得到颗粒物通量的系综平均表达式及模式计算表达式,并以此分析总结出提高室内颗粒物净化效率的方法,即低流速及低湍流度梯度.采用数值计算比较了稳态置换流与常规点状上进风上排风形成流场的区别,通过现场实测比较了不同方式安装稳态置换流装置的2个房间的颗粒物数浓度随时间变化,提出并应用剂量加权净化效率对净化效果进行了比较.结果表明,稳态置换流的维持弱正压、线状斜对边进排气口布局、低流速及低湍流度等做法能有效提高净化效率并降低能耗.     

4种不同工况生物滤池净化效能与微生物特性分析

为了从微生物层面探讨曝气、挂膜周期、池形(或流态)改变对生物滤池净化效率的影响,试验设计了4种不同工况的生物滤池,即MAVF、NAVF、NVF、BHF,其中前三者为垂直流滤池,最后一种为折流式水平流滤池. 4组滤池框架和滤料相同,MAVF与BHF串联,且于试验前期运行1 a,NAVF及NVF为新启用滤池. 4组滤池采取同步序批式运行,其中MAVF、NAVF进行间歇曝气,其余两组未曝气.于新启用滤池挂膜阶段,对4组滤池同步处理生活污水的净化效率进行持续监测,并于挂膜结束后采集基质样品分析滤池微生物群落结构特征.结果表明,3组垂直流滤池的净化效率显著高于水平流滤池;曝气显著提高了滤池的净化效能,但与滤池微生物成熟度相比,前者的影响更弱. 4组滤池内均无明显的硝氮、亚硝氮积累,反硝化进行得很彻底. 16S r DNA高通量测序分析表明,4组滤池的多样性指数高低是BHF MAVF NAVF NVF,表明滤池愈成熟,多样性指数愈高. 4组滤池内微生物以兼性异养菌为主,且以异养反硝化脱氮菌最为丰富. NVF及BHF滤池内发生了异养硝化过程,曝气促进了滤池内好氧硝化菌的富集. 4组滤池内均未检测到好氧聚磷菌,磷的去除以反硝化聚磷为主.试验工况下,滤池对总氮的去除率不高主要归结于滤池内尚未富集到自养硝化菌或其丰度不高,后者导致滤池的氨氧化能力有限,进而影响总氮去除.以上研究结果表明,不同工况的调整会影响到生物滤池的氧化还原状态和功能菌富集,进而最终影响净化效率.     

用电捕焦油法净化炭素焙烧炉烟气

论述了静电捕焦油器净化炭素厂焙烧炉烟气的工艺流程及技术参数 ,提出了确保系统正常运行的技术措施。使用静电捕焦油器后沥青烟排放浓度低于 5 0mg/m3 ,粉尘排放浓度降到 2 6mg/m3 。