Bioenergy recovery from landfill gas: A case study in China

Landfill gas (LFG) utilization which means a synergy between environmental protection and bioenergy recovery was investigated in this study. Pressure swing adsorption technology was used in LFG purification, and laboratory experiment, pilot-scale test, and on-site demonstration were carried out in Shenzhen, China. In the laboratory experiment, A-type carbon molecular sieve was selected as the adsorbent by comparison of several other adsorbents. The optimal adsorption pressure and adsorption time were 0.25 MPa and 2 min, respectively, under which the product generation rate was 4.5 m³/h and the methane concentration was above 90%. The process and optimization of the pilot-scale test were also reported in the paper. The product gas was of high quality compared with the National Standard of Compressed Natural Gas as Vehicle Fuel (GB18047-2000), when the air concentration in feed gas was under 10.96%. The demonstration project was composed of a collection system, production system, and utilization system. The drive performance, environmental protection performance, and economic feasibility of the product gas — as alternative fuel in passenger car, truck, and bulldozer—were tested, showing the feasibility technology for LFG utilization.     

埋地式无动力污水处理装置在北方地区的应用

埋地式无动力污水处理装置是建设部和国家环保总局确认的新型实用专利技术[1],其特点是处理效果好、占地少、建设成本小、运行费用低,特别适用于分散区域的生活污水处理,在江苏、湖北、广东等南方地区得到广泛应用,本文就该技术在北方寒冷地区处理分散的生活污水效果进行了深入的研究,并取得了满意的效果,对减轻分散排放的生活污水对地表水体的污染具有积极的意义。     

两种凹土复合生物滤料在BAF中的挂膜研究

利用凹土分别与硅藻土及粉煤灰制备了两种复合生物滤料,对制备的两种复合滤料进行了孔径分布分析,复合滤料同时进行了挂膜实验,并对挂膜前后SEM进行了比较分析.不同滤料对COD和氨氮去除率及DO值进行了测试,所制备的两种复合生物滤料性能良好,硅藻土与凹土制备的复合生物滤料挂膜及水处理性能优于粉煤灰与凹土制备的复合生物滤料.     

纳米复合材料去除水中苯酚的实验研究

本文对X型纳米分子筛与硅藻土组成的复合材料对废水中苯酚的去除进行了探讨。采用了静态方法进行正交实验,探讨了硅藻土的类型(包括CD02,CD06,CD010和吉林硅藻土JL),硅藻土的用量、X型纳米分子筛的用量、苯酚浓度、搅拌时间及pH值对苯酚去除率的影响。通过各因素对苯酚去除率影响的实验,得出复合材料去除苯酚的最佳实验条件。然后,对复合材料和活性炭分别进行再生实验,确定最佳活化温度,并对再生后的结果进行对比。     

Flower-, wire-, and sheet-like MnO_2-deposited diatomites:Highly efficient absorbents for the removal of Cr(Ⅵ)

Flower-, wire-, and sheet-like MnO2-deposited diatomites have been prepared using a hydrothermal method with Mn(Ac)2, KMnO4and/or MnSO4 as Mn source and diatomite as support. Physical properties of the materials were characterized by means of numerous analytical techniques, and their behaviors in the adsorption of chromium(VI) were evaluated.It is shown that the MnO2-deposited diatomite samples with different morphologies possessed high surface areas and abundant surface hydroxyl groups(especially the wire-like MnO2/diatomite sample). The wire-like MnO2/diatomite sample showed the best performance in the removal of Cr(VI), giving the maximum Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of 101 mg/g.     

Bioenergy recovery from landfill gas: A case study in China

Landfill gas (LFG) utilization which means a synergy between environmental protection and bioenergy recovery was investigated in this study. Pressure swing adsorption technology was used in LFG purification, and laboratory experiment, pilot-scale test, and on-site demonstration were carried out in Shenzhen, China. In the laboratory experiment, A-type carbon molecular sieve was selected as the adsorbent by comparison of several other adsorbents. The optimal adsorption pressure and adsorption time were 0.25 MPa and 2 min, respectively, under which the product generation rate was 4.5 m³/h and the methane concentration was above 90%. The process and optimization of the pilot-scale test were also reported in the paper. The product gas was of high quality compared with the National Standard of Compressed Natural Gas as Vehicle Fuel (GB18047-2000), when the air concentration in feed gas was under 10.96%. The demonstration project was composed of a collection system, production system, and utilization system. The drive performance, environmental protection performance, and economic feasibility of the product gas — as alternative fuel in passenger car, truck, and bulldozer—were tested, showing the feasibility technology for LFG utilization.     

硅藻土酸洗液-H2O2(Fenton)去除垃圾渗滤液色度及COD

垃圾渗滤液由于色度高、可生化性差,有时候需采用高级氧化技术（如Fenton法）处理。利用硅藻土酸洗改性产生的酸洗废水与30%H2O2制成Fenton试剂处理初始色度为800倍,COD浓度为810.4 mg/L的垃圾渗滤液。结果表明,当酸洗液与30%H2O2的体积比为6∶4,pH值为3.0,有紫外光照和搅拌的条件下,色度和COD的去除效率最好,分别达到了96.25%和74.14%;且产生的污泥量（干重）最少。     

Fe-Al改性硅藻土与CaO配施改良Cd污染土壤

以人工模拟Cd污染土壤为研究对象,以Fe-Al改性硅藻土和CaO为原料制备组配改良剂,通过土壤培养试验研究了Fe-Al改性硅藻土与CaO不同配比对组配改良剂改良Cd污染土壤效果的影响.结果表明,向Cd污染土壤施加Fe-Al改性硅藻土与CaO以不同配比所制得组配改良剂对土壤Cd形态、pH值、CEC值、OM值、含水率、有效氮、速效磷、有效钾均产生了积极的影响.当Fe-Al改性硅藻土与CaO的配比为1：6时,土壤可交换态Cd含量较空白对照降低了74.67%,较单一施加Fe-Al改性硅藻土和CaO分别降低了64.63%和7.87%,与对照相比,土壤pH值提升了0.45,土壤CEC提升了69.78%,土壤有效氮、速效磷分别提升了28.57%、70.85%.Fe-Al改性硅藻土与CaO配施能有效控制土壤Cd污染,同时还可有效改善土壤耕作性能.     

经典等温吸附模型在重金属离子/硅藻土体系中的应用及存在问题

为了深入了解天然硅藻土对常见重金属离子Cu2+、Zn2+、Pb2+、Cd2+、Mn2+、Fe3+的吸附属性,同时也为了发现经典等温吸附模型应用于液/固体系时存在的问题,开展了系列等温吸附研究.结果表明,最适于描述天然硅藻土对Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Fe3+吸附的模型分别为Tenkin、Tenkin、Langmuir、Tenkin、Freundlich和Freundlich模型.各离子在天然硅藻土上的吸附以物理过程为主,吸附反应容易进行.液/固体系中,应用经典等温吸附模型对试验数据进行线性拟合时,发现平衡吸附量q e不是离子平衡浓度c e的唯一函数,而是c e与吸附剂浓度W0两个变量的函数,q e与c e/W0具有一一对应的函数关系.经典等温吸附模型存在明显的吸附剂浓度效应,参数值不稳定,模拟值与实测值差异显著,缺乏实际指导意义.试验证明新的四组分模型可用于描述天然硅藻土-水溶液体系中单一离子的吸附行为,新模型参数k与q m值也具有唯一性,可用于给定体系的实际定量计算.     

遗传工程菌Fhhh降解精对苯二甲酸与mnp基因表达

跨界融合构建的遗传工程菌Fhhh及其亲株黄孢显毛平革菌 (PC) ,降解精对苯二甲酸的比降解率受到Mn2 + 、酒石酸铵、H2 O2 、pH共 4因素的影响 .除pH值外 ,其余 3个因素影响 2菌株比降解率大小的排序完全一致 .pH值对PC菌的影响排序处于第 3位 ,对Fhhh则处于第 1位 .Fhhh比降解率比PC高出 11 11% ;mnp基因表达的锰过氧化物酶 (MnP)比活力水平比PC高出 15 2 2 % .降解精对苯二甲酸 4因素优化水平 ,也是mnp基因表达的优化条件 .比降解率与MnP的比活力水平之间有显著或极显著正相关性 (r>r0 .0 5( 4) ,r >r0 .0 1( 4) ) .研究结果为高效处理精对苯二甲酸废水提供了重要的分子生物学依据