XDLVO理论解析钙离子对腐殖酸反渗透膜污染的影响机制

以XDLVO（extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek）理论定量解析腐殖酸反渗透（reverse osmosis,RO）膜污染过程中的界面相互作用,分析3种界面相互作用力在膜污染过程中的贡献,重点探究不同溶液pH条件下Ca2＋对腐殖酸RO膜污染的影响.结果表明,无论Ca2＋是否存在,对膜污染起促进作用的范德华力在pH 3时为主导作用力,而减缓膜污染的极性作用力在pH 7及pH 10时成为主控因素.静电力在所有测试条件下作用微弱,因此对膜污染贡献很小.Ca2＋主要通过改变极性作用力影响腐殖酸RO膜污染行为,且其影响随溶液pH值的降低而凸显,多数情况下Ca2＋会促进腐殖酸RO膜污染.界面自由能与膜污染程度相关性分析表明,XDLVO理论可以合理预测不同溶液条件下腐殖酸RO膜污染行为.     

基于HJ-1A卫星超光谱数据的太湖叶绿素a浓度及悬浮物浓度反演

通过对2010年5月2日太湖HJ-1A卫星超光谱影像的几何纠正和6S模型辐射校正,以及水体实测光谱数据和影像光谱数据分析,将太湖28个水体采样点光谱数据分别进行归一化处理和一阶微分处理后,选取和水质参数相关系数最大的波段或波段组合建立反演模型,获得太湖叶绿素a浓度以及悬浮物浓度的空间分布图.研究表明,超光谱影像B73波...     

荧光定量PCR技术在环境监测中的应用研究

实时荧光定量PCR是在PCR基础上发展起来的一种核酸定量技术,此技术灵敏度高,特异性强。目前也已被国内外应用在环境监测方面。如可以用此方法来监测环境中微生物在河流中随季节的变化情况,评价菌的富集情况,快速检测微生物等。随着此技术的不断发展,此方法在环境监测方面将会有广阔的应用前景。     

Preparation of nanoparticles with an environment-friendly approach

Developing various approaches for preparing high performance materials has long been topics and tasks both for scientists and for engineers.Despite that many methods have been developed for preparing nanomaterials,developing simple and environment-friendly ways for preparing nanomaterials is very attractive.A simple approach of synthesizing Fe3O4 nanoparticles by arc-discharge submerging in water was reported.The results showed that by this method Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be synthesized in large scale.The as-prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibit uniform spherical shape and their diameters varied with arc-discharging parameters.The experimental results showed that the size of the synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be controlled through adjusting the processing parameters.Since no vacuum system has been used,the synthesizing process is greatly simplified.In addition,only cheap deionized water and industrial iron bar are used and no pollution or harmful by-products are found in the synthesis process.It indicated that the present approach is a simple,low-cost and environment-friendly for preparing nanoparticles.     

北京科技大学校园电能消耗生态足迹研究

生态足迹分析法是一种“强”可持续性进行衡量的手段。研究中以北京科技大学（以下简称北科大）为例,运用统计学中调查方法对2008年校园电能消耗进行调查,并应用生态学中生态足迹成分法模型对其进行分析,通过与北京及全国范围的对比,测度高校校园的可持续状况。结果表明：北科大2008年电能总消耗量为3829万千瓦时。生态足迹为7098．4hm^2,即需要7098．4bm^2的生态生产性土地支持该校的电能消耗,人均生态足迹为0．28hm^2,在忽略外部影响的情况下与北京及全国的电能生态足迹比较,学校的生态占用状况比较乐观。为促进高校节能减排的工作和建设生态和谐校园,并且有针对性地提出了一些切实可行的节能办法,供学校参考。     

HSE管理体系量化审核方法浅析

对油田企业各二级单位HSE管理体系审核结果存在的问题及其原因进行了分析,提出对审核方法进行量化改进分析,力求通过量化的审核方式,使HSE管理体系审核结果的一致性和客观性有所提高。     

苯甲酸类光催化降解和羟基自由基反应的关系

研究了13种苯甲酸类化合物在固定膜平板反应器中的光催化降解,探讨了光降解速率与化合物结构之间的定量关系（QSAR）,同时分析了苯甲酸类化合物和羟基自由基反应的速率常数与结构的关系结果表明,Hammett常数（σ）和摩尔对数溶解度（lgS）是影响本甲酸类光降解速率lgK的重要因素,其定量关系式为：lgK＝-0．309σ＋0.125lgS－2.612,苯甲酸类与羟基自由基反应的定量关系式为lgK_OH＝－0.414σ＋9．816,证实了羟基自由基在本甲酸类光催化过程中的重要作用.     

论环境与发展综合决策的哲学基础及实现途径

本文用马克思主义哲学观点对环发综合决策作了理论方面的探讨,认为它符合“从实际出发、实事求是”的思想路线;符合“发展是硬道理”的科学诊断;符合系统论原则;符合矛盾统一原则,同时提出阵条实现综合决策的建议和对策,即建立环发综合决策体制;建立环发综合决策制度;环保部门主动参与环发综合决策;做好“结合”工作,使环发综合决策落在实处。     

An individual-based analysis of the dynamics of two coexisting phytoplankton species in the mixed layer

In marine ecosystems ecological and environmental conditions continuously change, possibly supporting the wide range of phytoplankton species coexisting in aquatic environments. Phytoplankton communities are not homogeneously distributed in the water column due to the spatial and temporal variability of turbulent mixing and the concurrent biological response. In this paper an individual-based model (Lagrangian method) simulating the basic physiology of two coexisting phytoplankton species has been developed. The species, sharing the same availability of light and nutrient resource, are characterized by different photo-physiological parameters. The spatial and temporal evolution of turbulent mixing is simulated introducing vertical profiles of measured eddy diffusivity. Three case studies have been examined to analyze the role of environment–individual interactions in determining bloom conditions for both the selected species. The organisms experience recurrent fluctuations of light, temperature, and nutrient concentration gradients, due to the turbulent mixing in the water column, which have significant effects on the growth of the phytoplankton species. In all the numerical experiments, the temporal and spatial variability of different forcings do not support the prevalence of one species over the other over the time scale typical of a phytoplankton bloom.A well mixed water column favours the growth of both the populations while a variable mixing regime limits their growth reducing the photophysiological differences between the species.