基于DEA-Malmquist的资源型城市创新效率分析

利用2004—2010年间黑龙江13座资源型城市的面板数据,基于DEA-Malmquist法对城市创新效率进行了测算和分析,并在此基础上进行了收敛分析。测算结果表明,2004—2010年黑龙江的创新效率呈现出增长态势,其动力主要来源于规模效率,并发现创新工作的2座重点城市和3座典型城市。收敛分析结果表明,黑龙江科技创新效率存在绝对收敛。     

Integrated Ocean Management as a Strategy to Meet Rapid Climate Change: The Norwegian Case

The prospects of rapid climate change and the potential existence of tipping points in marine ecosystems where nonlinear change may result from them being overstepped, raises the question of strategies for coping with ecosystem change. There is broad agreement that the combined forces of climate change, pollution and increasing economic activities necessitates more comprehensive approaches to oceans management, centering on the concept of ecosystem-based oceans management. This article addresses the Norwegian experience in introducing integrated, ecosystem-based oceans management, emphasizing how climate change, seen as a major long-term driver of change in ecosystems, is addressed in management plans. Understanding the direct effects of climate variability and change on ecosystems and indirect effects on human activities is essential for adaptive planning to be useful in the long-term management of the marine environment.     

Review on Quantitative Research Methods of Regional Sustainable Development in China

Since the 1990s, with the in-depth study and understanding of sustainable development, quantitative study of regional sustainable development (RSD) was increasingly hot in China. Based on quantitative study of RSD from Core Periodical in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (1992–2008), statistical analysis on the annual distribution, periodicals distribution and changes of the distribution were made. And from perspectives of social–economic, ecological, systematic and emerging methods, the course, probl...     

Two error components model for measurement error: application to radon in homes

In this paper, a simple model for analysing variability in radon concentrations in homes is tested. The approach used here involves two error components, representing additive and multiplicative errors, together with variation between-houses. We use a Bayesian approach for our analysis and apply this model to two datasets of repeat radon measurements in homes; one based on 3-month long measurements for which the original measurements were close to the current UK Radon Action Level (200 Bq m⁻³), and the other based on 6-month measurement data (from regional and national surveys), for which the original measurements cover a wide range of radon concentrations, down to very low levels. The model with two error components provides a better fit to these datasets than does a model based on solely multiplicative errors.     

阜康市休闲农业资源定量评价初探

休闲农业资源评价是休闲农业规划与设计的基础工作。本文采用层次分析法,构建了包括资源条件、开发条件、旅游条件三方面的休闲农业资源定量评价模型并计算分析相应权重,最后选取同属乌鲁木齐都市圈中间层的呼图壁县、昌吉市和五家渠市进行评价研究。通过分析和计算得出:资源条件因素权重最大为0.7306,其次是开发条件因素为0.1884,最后是旅游条件因素为0.0810;呼图壁县、昌吉市、五家渠市和阜康市休闲农业开发总得分分别为67.8、84.7、78.4、82.4,阜康市居第二位,开发潜力大。阜康市农业资源丰富,交通便捷,区位条件优良,经济和旅游业发展较快,具备发展休闲观光农业的优势。     

岩石破坏失稳的声发射响应与损伤定量表征研究

为了探索在外载荷作用下岩石的损伤演化规律及声发射响应特征,实现损伤程度的定量表征,以标准岩石试件为研究对象,采用RMT-301岩石力学试验系统和DS5-8B全信息声发射仪,开展单轴加载条件下岩石破坏全过程的声发射(AE)试验研究,根据声发射参数、声发射源三维定位、声发射能量密度和岩石力学分析表征其破坏形态,再现岩石裂隙孕育、发展和贯通过程,揭示岩石破坏规律、能量密度分布特征、裂隙空间演化和AE时序参数;以时间为中间变量,建立声发射累计振铃计数和应力、应变及损伤变量的耦合关系;基于岩石损伤演化方程,进一步建立声发射累积能量和应力、应变的定量模型。研究结果对揭示岩石破坏机制、区分岩体强度具有指导意义,为矿山煤岩动力灾害的预测预警提供一定理论支撑。     

区域定量风险评价方法及其在化工园区中的运用

介绍区域定量风险评价的基本原理和评价指标,建立风险计算模型,给出定量风险评价的程序,提出区域定量风险评价方法;利用开发的个人风险计算软件,对某化工园区中区域风险进行了评价;通过分析计算,给出了该区域的个人风险等值线分布图和社会风险图;结果表明,园区中3家企业的重大危险源需进一步采取措施降低风险,使该化工园区的个人风险和社会风险符合推荐标准的要求。该方法为全面了解化工园区风险提供了理论依据,对化工园区装置的布置和科学规划具有重要的指导意义。     

SWOT量化分析古村落旅游可持续发展战略

目前国内普遍应用传统的SWOT分析法来制定发展战略,而传统SWOT分析法只是进行定性的分析,分析的结果过于随意和主观。本文提出结合AHP法、专家评分法和四维坐标系战略重心定位法,对传统SWOT分析法进行改进,并结合苏州太湖国家旅游度假区古村落旅游可持续发展战略制定的实例来阐述该方法的应用。     

短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮的实现途径

短程硝化反硝化是近年来开发的一项新的生物脱氮技术,它具有节约曝气量、节省有机碳源和减少污泥产量等优点,实现短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮技术的关键就是将硝化控制在亚硝酸阶段,阻止亚硝酸盐的进一步氧化。简要介绍了短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮技术的原理和技术特点,通过对短程硝化反硝化影响因素的分析来介绍其实现途径,阐述了温度控制途径、溶解氧控制途径、pH值控制途径、投加抑制剂途径、泥龄控制途径以及纯种分离与固定化技术途径的控制机理及其局限性,并提出了今后的研究方向。