植物硫含量法监测大气污染数量模型

运用MINITAB程序研究承德市5个常年大气监测点不同季节的10种木本植物硫含量和大气SO₂之间的一元回归和多元回归模型。一元回归模型叶以珍珠梅最好,r＝0.8695（P<0.001）,枝以油松和珍珠梅、垂柳为好,相关系数0.8（P＜0.001）;树皮以刺槐为佳,r＝0.8615（P＜0.001）;复相关模型以刺槐最好,相关系数达0.987。植物叶片硫含量与大气SO2和气孔阻力的回归模型说明,以污染状态进入植物体的硫,主要通过气孔进入;家榆表现为极显著相关,复相关系数达0.990。用植物含污指数法可以综合评价大气质量,其中总污染指数可以有效地评价总的大气质量,硫复合污染指数和重金属复合污染指数可以评价不同地点SO₂和TSP污染状况,与直接用大气SO₂浓度法和TSP浓度法结果基本相同。     

取代芳烃对三种生物急性毒性的QSAR研究

根据成键原子的结构特征定义其生物活性点价为δiA,并在分子拓扑理论基础上由δiA 建构新的连接性指数nH =∑ (δiA·δAj·δAk… ) 0 .5,其中 ,0价指数0 H =∑ (δiA) 0 .5,1价指数1 H =∑ (δiA·δAj) 0 .5。以0 H、1 H及指示变量I为结构描述符 ,籍助多元线性回归技术 ,分别建立了取代芳烃 (含Cl、Br、CH3、OH、NH2 、NO2 等 )对发光菌、大型蚤、呆鲦鱼的QSAR模型 :以模型的估算结果均优于文献结果 ,而且计算简单 ,应用方便 ,为定量评估和预测同类型其它化合物的生物毒性提供了参考依据。     

河北省环渤海地区可持续发展中水环境约束与对策

河北省环渤海地区是河北省对外开放的前沿,本文分析了其可持续发展过程中水资源短缺、水质污染及过量开采水资源导致的地面沉降等相关问题并提出了相应对策。     

内循环流化床烟气脱硫技术的实验研究

通过对流化床烟气脱硫吸收塔塔顶和塔底结构的改进,开发出一种新的内循环流化床烟气脱硫工艺。该工艺以60～80目细砂作为主要床料,在流化气速为2～5m/s情况下,实现了绝大部分固体颗粒在脱硫塔内的内循环,从而强化了热质传递,避免了粘壁现象。考察了各种因素对脱硫效率的影响,结果表明,绝热饱和温度差是影响脱硫效率的显著因素,颗粒浓度是保证系统稳定运行的关键因素。在Ca/S为12和颗粒浓度为10kg/m3条件下,系统能连续稳定运行,脱硫效率达90%以上。     

松花江哈尔滨段藻类植物分布及其与环境因子的关系

松花江哈尔滨段流域是哈尔滨市重要的水源地,也是松花江重要的组成部分,其生态环境问题一直受到国内外学者密切关注,且近年来松花江哈尔滨段水体改善程度较为明显,流域内水体变化程度越来越受到相关学者和民众的重视,研究松花江哈尔滨段水体变化趋势意义明显。该研究的创新性在于运用典范对应分析(CCA)探究藻类植物与环境因子变化的关系,并运用欧洲硅藻数据库(EDDI)验证主要环境因子的准确性。国内现行的一些常规理化指标单独评价水体质量较为单一,不能更好地满足现行的水环境管理要求,并且对于水环境的变化反应效果及准确度较低。该研究运用相关理化指标数据和藻类植物的种类及丰度等的年际变化,实现从单一理化指标评价改善为理化和生物指标双重评价,从而更加具体地反映出松花江哈尔滨段水体状况的变化趋势。     

Human rights and proactive displacement: determining the appropriate balance between the duty to protect and the right to remain

The proactive displacement by public authorities of populations from areas perceived to be exposed to a high risk of disaster presents complex human rights challenges. Provided that no ulterior motive is at play, the use of compulsory evacuations and relocations as policy responses to such risk is mandated by the duty to protect the right to life. However, proactive displacement in the interest of saving lives can be problematic as such measures can lead to the limitation of other human rights, resulting in an intricate assessment of whether compulsory evacuation or permanent relocation is proportional in any given circumstance. Such an analysis demands critical attention by public authorities to the perception of the disaster risk in question and problematises claims to objectivity of official risk assessments. Furthermore, it poses the question as to whether measures designed to address the disaster risk in question that are less intrusive than relocation may be available to public authorities.     

QSAR models for predicting the toxicity of halogenated phenols to Tetrahymena

Halogenated phenols are industrial pollutants which may cause serious damage to the environment. In this work, a two-dimensional (2D) and two three-dimensional (3D) quantitative structure–activity relationship models for the toxicity prediction of halogenated phenols in Tetrahymena were developed. The structural factors that mainly influence toxicity were explored, agreeing with previously reported data. The results obtained with the 3D model were in agreement with those obtained with the 2D model. According to our findings, several new molecules with different predicted activities were designed.     

Socioeconomic backwardness and vulnerability to climate change: evidence from Uttar Pradesh state in India

This study tests the thesis that ‘vulnerability to climate change is not only a result of biophysical events alone but also influenced by the socioeconomic conditions in which climate change occurs’. The study chose Uttar Pradesh (UP), a state in India, for its importance in the nation's food and nutrition security programme and its high sensitivity to climate change. It uses an indicator approach to see which districts of UP are the most vulnerable to climate change, and attempts to identify the factors on a set of explanatory variables. The study finds that infrastructurally and economically developed districts are less vulnerable to climate change; in other words, vulnerability to climate change and variability is linked with social and economic development. This observation is corroborated by the findings of relational analysis wherein livestock, forestry, consumption of fertilizer, per capita income, and infant mortality rate are observed to be important correlates of vulnerability to climate change.     

Building community resilience: can everyone enjoy a good life?

Initiatives to reduce community carbon emissions and foster sustainable lifestyles have had varying degrees of success. There is now a need for a re-energised, concerted and joined-up approach that places environmental issues in a wider context – one that improves quality of life while building community resilience. This involves enhancing the capacity of neighbourhoods to recover, respond and adapt to environmental and socio-economic changes. This paper examines the experience gained in a participatory action research (PAR) study to build community resilience, where facilitators supported residents to take ownership of their own agendas. The New Earswick Good Life Initiative (GLI) was an 18-month project undertaken in a low-income suburb of York (UK). A range of approaches were used to identify activities which had the most potential to nurture resilience and foster a shift towards greater environmental sustainability. The GLI highlighted how the introduction of new ideas not only need to be locally relevant but also requires care and time in order for them to embed within community. Altering the way a community manages its environment involves transforming social relationships, strengthening institutions and influencing local power balances. Furthermore, it is necessary to build social capital, knowledge, leadership skills and support social networks to allow communities to effectively engage with relevant local and national policies. Only by providing opportunities to develop these resilient attributes can increased local responsibility be successful. The paper concludes by providing guidance on strengthening community resilience and delivering pro-environmental behaviour change.     

A framework for reforming India's forest biodiversity management regime

India's forest biodiversity management regime is analysed at the policy, legal and institutional levels, from the perspective of the triple objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the principles of the Indian constitution. The forest biodiversity management regime has both structural and functional flaws that render it largely incapable of facing the challenge of increasing biodiversity degradation and deepening poverty among the Adivasis and other forest‐dependent communities. The paper argues for the reform of the forest biodiversity management regime and offers recommendations in regard to most aspects of the regime, with a view of putting the country's conservation enterprise on a course that is effective, sustainable and inclusive, rejecting the report of the High Power Committee (HPC) (also known as the Subramanian Committee), which is premised on easing corporate access to forests.