“三江”并流区地质灾害危险性量化评价

"三江"地区是地质灾害强发区,又是资源富集区和环境重点保护区。为了实现对区内地质灾害危险性的定量或定量评价,根据该区"崩、滑、流"地质灾害的发育机制-地形地貌的改造和演化过程中各种外动力地质作用的动力机制,将促进地质灾害发育的各类影响因子总和-动力势与减缓地质灾害发育的各类影响因子总和-抗力势之间的差值作为地质灾害发育动力强度指数,并且用于量化评价地质灾害危险性程度。通过41个典型地质灾害点的调查分析对各类影响因子赋值,采用多元线性回归方法求解出的地质灾害发育强度指数与影响因子之间的线性方程,作为地质灾害危险性量化评价模型。采用该线性模型简要计算了"三江"并流区典型区段的地质灾害发育强度指数,并通指数的大小为依据统一划分地质灾害危险性程度,避免了人为分级和分区的随意性。     

燃煤电厂运行中环境成本分析与计算

以经济学为理论基础,结合环境经济学方法,提出燃煤电厂环境成本的定量计算模型,并以某电厂为例进行计算说明。研究成果为燃煤电厂节能减排的效益计算提供了理论依据,同时有助于燃煤电厂正确计算发电成本,制定合理的上网电价。     

含氟取代苯类化合物lgK_(ow)和-lg1/EC_(50)的QSPR研究

采用Gaussian 98程序,在B3LYP/6-311G**和HF/6-311G**2种水平上全优化计算了24个含氟取代苯化合物的分子结构,基于得到的分子结构描述符,分别建立了用于预测含氟取代苯化合物正辛醇/水分配系数(lgKow)和毒性(-lg1/EC5)0的模型,预测lgKow的模型包含3个变量(偶极矩(μ),总能量(TE)和热能修正值(Et)h),预测-lgl/EC50的模型包含2个变量(分子中原子最负的电荷(q-)和零点振动能(ZPE))。用交叉验证法对模型的稳定性进行了验证(q分别为0.8480和0.9154),并用t-检验和变异膨胀因子(VIF)对2个模型中各变量的显著性和自相关性进行了检验。预测-lg1/EC50的模型的预测能力优于溶剂化能参数得出的模型。     

吉林省长春市生态化程度评价

生态城市建设符合吉林建设生态省的目标。论文采用层次分析法,从城市生态系统的结构、功能、协调度三方面对长春市的生态建设现状进行了定量评价,结果表明长春市的生态化程度较高。但协调度方面严重偏低。今后应加强这方面的建设。     

Quantification of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in enrichment cultures by quantitative competitive PCR

The anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (ANAMMOX) bacteria were enriched from a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). A quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) system was successfully developed to detect and quantify ANAMMOX bacteria in environmental samples. For QC-PCR system, PCR primer sets targeting 16S ribosomal RNA genes of ANAMMOX bacteria were designed and used. The quantification range of this system was 4 orders of magnitude, from 103 to 106 copies per PCR, corresponding to the detection limit of 300 target copies per mL. A 312-bp internal standard was constructed, which showed very similar amplification e ciency with the target amxC fragment (349 bp) over 4 orders of magnitude (103–106). The linear regressions were obtained with R2 of 0.9824 for 103 copies, 0.9882 for 104 copies, 0.9857 for 105 copies and 0.9899 for 106 copies, respectively. Using this method, ANAMMOX bacteria were quantified in a shortcut nitrification/denitrification-anammox system which was set for piggery wastewater treatment.     

基于DFT的二英脂-水分配系数QSPR研究

基于密度泛函理论,利用多氯二苯并对二(噁)英(PCDDs)和多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)几何构型全优化而得的量子化学和延伸计算参数:前线轨道能、熵、无迹四极矩、分子绝对硬度、电负性和亲电指数等,对两类化合物在(虹鳉)脂-水间的平衡分配性质进行了定量化模型研究,并由多元线性回归分析(MLR)建立了二次函数型的定量结构-性质相关关系(QSPR):lgKbw=5.343-0.001(S-125.480)2-0.355(ω-3.239)2 0.006(Qzz-2.950)2-22.728(η-2.365)2.结果表明,模型具有较高的拟合优度与稳健性,其决定系数和交叉验证相关系数分别为0.943和0.908,且模型的内外部预测性能理想,总体质量明显优于SOFA(solubility parameter for fate analysis)计算结果,可用于未知脂-水分配性质的预测; PCDD/Fs脂-水平衡分配(系数)主要与分子体积以及由电荷分布决定的芳烃分子间相互作用有关,也受潜在的生物转化和分子反应性的影响.     

微波萃取-气相色谱/质谱测定底泥中多溴联苯醚

文章建立微波萃取,复合硅胶氧化铝层析柱净化,气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱(GC-NCI-MS)检测对环境底泥样品中七种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)单体定量分析的方法。底泥样品经25 mL正己烷:丙酮(1:1)萃取剂微波萃取10 min,过复合层析柱净化,70 mL正己烷:二氯甲烷(1:1)洗脱和浓缩后,加入内标物PCB-103后进行内标定量分析,7种PBDEs单体的平均基质加标回收率均值为88.6%~96.7%,相对标准偏差为1.9%~9.3%,方法检出限均小于0.06 ng/g,方法具有良好的重现性,较好的回收率和较高的灵敏度。所建立的分析方法体系已用于长江口近岸沉积物中7种PBDEs残留量的检测,四个实际样品中添加回收率指示物PCB-209,其回收率范围为79.5%~109.6%,相对标准偏差为5.2%~16.5%。     

Factors a ecting trace element content in periurban market garden subsoil in Yunnan Province, China

Field investigations were conducted to measure subsoil trace element content and factors influencing content in an intensive periurban market garden in Chenggong County, Yunnan Province, South-West China. The area was divided into three di erent geomorphological units: specifically, mountain (M), transition (T) and lacustrine (L). Mean trace element content in subsoil were determined for Pb (58.2 mg/kg), Cd (0.89 mg/kg), Cu (129.2 mg/kg), and Zn (97.0 mg/kg). Strong significant relationships between trace element content in topsoil and subsoil were observed. Both Pb and Zn were accumulated in topsoil (RTS (ratio of mean trace element in topsoil to subsoil) of Pb and Zn >1.0) and Cd and Cu in subsoil (RTS of Cd and Cu 61.0). Subsoil trace element content was related to relief, stoniness, soil color, clay content, and cation exchange capacity. Except for 7.5 YR (yellow-red) color, trace element content increased with color intensity from brown to reddish brown. Significant positive relationships were observed between Fe content and that of Pb and Cu. Trace element content in mountain unit subsoil was higher than in transition and lacustrine units (M > T > L), except for Cu (T > M > L). Mean trace element content in calcareous subsoil was higher than in sandstone and shale. Mean trace element content in clay texture subsoil was higher than in sandy and sandy loam subsoil, and higher Cu and Zn content in subsoil with few mottles. It is possible to model Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn distribution in subsoil physico-chemical characteristics to help improve agricultural practice.     

化工园区安全规划方法与程序研究

针对我国化工园区急剧发展,且无统一的安全规划方法指导的现状,分析了化工园区安全规划的目的、指导思想与一般原则;对国外常用的"基于安全距离"、"基于后果"和"基于风险"等3种安全规划技术方法进行比较研究,给出基于区域性定量风险评价方法的化工园区安全规划技术思路;进而提出了化工园区安全规划应至少包括化工园区工厂选址与土地使用安全规划、化工园区安全管理模式研究和化工园区应急体系建设及应急预案编制等3项内容,并给出了化工园区安全规划的基本程序。笔者建议,将化工园区安全规划的内容纳入化工园区的总体规划,在化工园区规划、开发和建设过程中编制化工园区安全规划。     

有机磷农药对海洋扁藻毒性构效关系的密度泛涵理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法,在B3LYP/6-311G**水平上,计算了11个有机磷农药化合物的结构参数,将结构参数作为理论描述符,导出了有机磷类化合物的分子结构参数与2种盐度(S=20,S=30)下扁藻毒性(-lgEC50)的定量关系式(式(3)和(6)),并用交叉验证法验证,相关系数R分别为0.923 2和0.893 3,交叉验证相关系数q2分别为0.527 0和0.540 5.在此基础上,预测了11种有机磷农药的毒性.研究表明,所得预测方程有较好的稳定性和较强的预测能力.可用于有机磷化合物的-lgEC50预测.