藻类对偶氮染料的降解及定量结构-生物降解性研究

通过研究普通小球藻（ Chlorella vulgaris） 、蛋白核小球藻（Chlorella pyrenoidosa） 、斜生栅藻（Scenedes nusobliquus） 对偶氮染料的降解作用,筛选出优势藻种并优化降解条件;对单偶氮染料进行了定量结构—生物降解性相关关系（QSBR） 研究．3 种藻均能利用偶氮染料为其生长的唯一 C、 N 源,使染料脱色,蛋白核小球藻具有更强的脱色能力;且藻在无 N 环境中的脱色率明显高于无 C 和正常环境;pH 值对染料脱色影响较大,最佳pH值为中性;不同结构的单偶氮染料生物降解性相差很大,脱色率为9.1 ％ （89.9 ％ , QSBR 研究表明, 偶氮键的最低未占据轨道能量是控制生物降解的主要因素,而脱色率与染料的分子量无关．     

海河天津段微囊藻及其毒素的空间分布及与水环境因子的关系

采取荧光定量PCR技术及ELISA酶联免疫吸附法,以mcyD基因和PC-IGS基因为靶基因对夏季蓝藻暴发期间海河天津市区段的产毒微囊藻种群丰度和毒素含量进行了研究.结果表明：夏季海河天津市区段微囊藻种群丰度具有明显差异性：产毒微囊藻种群丰度为1.16×10⁴~2.48×10⁷copies/mL占总微囊藻种群的4.25%~28.59%.藻毒素含量最高点为8号采样点天津站,每升水体中藻细胞共含毒素195.51μg,除去藻细胞水中毒素浓度为0.97μg/L.总的来说,海河天津市区段微囊藻总基因拷贝数较高,产毒微囊藻丰度在不同采样点间差异较大,影响水体中微囊藻丰度的最主要环境因素是pH值.海河水体中毒素含量没有超过安全阈值,但是单位体积水体中藻细胞内毒素含量很高,具有较高的毒素释放潜力,可能对下游河口生态系统造成潜在威胁.     

Persistent organochlorine contaminants in hair samples of Northern Poland population, 1968-2009

The European regulation on chemicals, REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals), came into force on 1 June 2007. With pre-registration complete in 2008, data for these substances may provide an overview of the expected chemical space and its characteristics. In this paper, using various in silico computation tools, we evaluate 48 782 neutral organic compounds from the list to identify hazardous and safe compounds. Two different classification schemes (modified Verhaar and ECOSAR) identified between 17% and 25% of the compounds as expressing only baseline toxicity (narcosis). A smaller portion could be identified as reactive (19%) or specifically acting (2.7%), while the majority were non-assigned (61%). Overall environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and long-range transport potential were evaluated using structure-activity relationships and a multimedia fugacity-based model. A surprisingly high proportion of compounds (20%), mainly aromatic and halogenated, had a very high estimated persistence (>195 d). The proportion of compounds with a very high estimated bioconcentration or bioaccumulation factor (>5000) was substantially less (6.9%). Finally, a list was compiled of those compounds within the applicability domain of the models used, meeting both persistence and bioaccumulation criteria, and with a long-range transport potential comparable to PCB. This list of 68 potential persistent organic pollutants contained many well-known compounds (all halogenated), but notably also five fluorinated compounds that were not included in the EINECS inventory. This study demonstrates the usability of in silico tools for identification of potentially environmentally hazardous chemicals.     

基于文献计量学分析中国“雾霾”研究状况

运用文献计量学的研究方法,以CSCD为数据源,利用Excel软件对有关雾霾研究发表的文献进行数据统计与分析,从文献发表的年代、基金资助、高产作者、高被引文献、热点文献等角度,采用定量和定性的方法揭示了目前科研领域关于雾霾的研究进展。国内雾霾研究整体呈增长趋势,可分为3个发展阶段:发展缓慢期,逐步提高期,快速发展期。基金资助分析显示、从中央到地方对雾霾的研究重视程度都很高。从雾霾发文量著者H指数看,因雾霾在国内毕竟还是一个新的研究点,故高产作者H指数相对较低;高产作者所在研究机构主要集中在相关大气、环境、气象等高校或科研院所,研究方向主要集中在环境与生态、气象与大气等学科;雾霾的起因、如何控制和治理及所带来的人体健康问题等是目前研究的热点。     

北方重工业城市降水pH值与相关因素关系的研究

针对北方重工业城市出现的酸性降水和pH值降低的现象,采用集中监测、纵横对比、统计分析的方法,对降水pH值现状及与相关因子的关系进行了研究。结果显示,降水pH值依污染源排放的烟(粉)量的减少、环境空气中总悬浮微粒浓度的降低、机动车保有量的增加而向酸性发展,空气质量好的区域易发生酸雨,北方重工业城市"尘"重点治理以后酸雨和二氧化硫污染将出现加重趋势。仅靠削减二氧化硫排放量控制污染是不够的,重工业城市必须综合防治。     

清洁煤技术的定量评价方法

回顾国内外清洁煤技术评价的研究现状;从分析清洁煤技术的评价目的着手指出清洁煤的定量评价指标体系、筛选原则与筛选步骤,从而使清洁煤技术的定量评价成为可能,介绍清洁煤技术的定量评价在燃煤电厂的应用。     

An overview of emissions of SO2 and NOx and the long-range transport of oxidized sulfur and nitrogen pollutants in East Asia

The long-range transport of oxidized sulfur(sulfur dioxide(SO_2) and sulfate) and oxidized nitrogen(nitrogen oxides(NO_x ) and nitrate) in East Asia is an area of increasing scientific interest and political concern. This paper reviews various published papers, including ground- and satellite-based observations and numerical simulations. The aim is to assess the status of the anthropogenic emissions of SO_2 and NO_x and the long-range transport of oxidized S and N pollutants over source and downwind region. China has dominated the emissions of SO_2 and NO_x in East Asia and urgently needs to strengthen the control of their emissions, especially NO_x emissions. Oxidized S and N pollutants emitted from China are transported to Korea and Japan, due to persistent westerly winds, in winter and spring.However, the total contributions of China to S and N pollutants across Korea and Japan were not found to be dominant over longer time scales(e.g., a year). The source–receptor relationships for oxidized S and N pollutants in East Asia varied widely among the different studies. This is because:(1) the nonlinear effects of atmospheric chemistry and deposition processes were not well considered, when calculating the source–receptor relationships;(2) different meteorological and emission data inputs and solution schemes for key physical and chemical processes were used; and(3) different temporal and spatial scales were employed. Therefore, simulations using the same input fields and similar model configurations would be of benefit, to further evaluate the source–receptor relationships of the oxidized S and N pollutants.     

Guidelines for genetic monitoring of translocated plant populations

Plant translocation is a useful tool for implementing assisted gene flow in recovery plans of critically endangered plant species. Although it helps to restore genetically viable populations, it is not devoid of genetic risks, such as poor adaptation of transplants and outbreeding depression in the hybrid progeny, which may have negative consequences in terms of demographic growth and plant fitness. Hence, a follow-up genetic monitoring should evaluate whether the translocated populations are genetically viable and self-sustaining in the short and long term. The causes of failure to adjust management responses also need to be identified. Molecular markers and fitness-related quantitative traits can be used to determine whether a plant translocation enhanced genetic diversity, increased fitness, and improved the probability of long-term survival. We devised guidelines and illustrated them with studies from the literature to help practitioners determine the appropriate genetic survey methods so that management practices can better integrate evolutionary processes. These guidelines include methods for sampling and for assessing changes in genetic diversity and differentiation, contemporary gene flow, mode of local recruitment, admixture level, the effects of genetic rescue, inbreeding or outbreeding depression and local adaptation on plant fitness, and long-term genetic changes.