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231.
武汉城市圈制造业集聚的实证研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用调整后的产业集聚EG指标,结合产业集中度指数,对武汉城市圈2000~2007年制造业19个行业的集聚程度进行了精确的测度,并分别从制造业集聚度变动趋势、产业集聚度特征、产业集聚空间分布特征、增长集聚弹性等角度进行了详细的分析。结果表明:考察期间武汉城市圈制造业的区域集聚度较高,而且中高技术行业集聚特征十分明显,资源性和低技术行业较为分散;从行业的区域集聚空间分布特征来看,产业集中度较高,主要集中在武汉、黄石、孝感和黄冈4市,其它5个城市产业集中度较低,城市上榜次数较少,且上榜行业主要集中在资源性和低技术行业,形成了以武汉等4市为中心,其它5市为外围的“中心 外围”结构;构建的产业集聚弹性模型计算结果表明,整体上城市圈制造业集聚弹性较大,但不同行业间的弹性值差距明显。 相似文献
232.
Xiaojiao Chen Minjian Chen Bo Xu Rong Tang Xiumei Han Yufeng Qin Bin Xu Bo Hang Zhilei Mao Weiwei Huo Yankai Xia Zhengfeng Xu Xinru Wang 《Chemosphere》2013
Widespread use of phenols has led to ubiquitous exposure to phenols. In experimental animals, phenols increased resorptions, reduced live litter size and fetal body weights. However, there are limited epidemiological evidences of the relationships between exposure to phenols and pregnancy outcomes. We evaluated the associations between parental urinary levels of various phenols and spontaneous abortion in a Chinese population residing in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. A case-control study was conducted that included 70 case couples with medically unexplained spontaneous abortion and 180 control couples who did not have a history of spontaneous abortion and had at least one living child. Both parental urinary phenols were measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry including bisphenol A (BPA), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 2,3,4-trichlorophenol (2,3,4-TCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), 4-n-octylphenol (4-n-OP) and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP). Compared with the low exposure group, there was an increased risk of spontaneous abortion with high paternal urinary PCP concentration [odds ratio (OR) = 2.09, 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.05–4.14], and maternal exposure to 4-n-OP and alkylphenol(s) also significantly increased the risk of spontaneous abortion (OR = 2.21, 95% CI, 1.02–4.80; OR = 2.81, 95% CI, 1.39–5.65, respectively). Our study firstly provides the evidence that paternal PCP exposure, maternal 4-n-OP and alkylphenol(s) exposure are associated with spontaneous abortion in humans. 相似文献
233.
改进的TLI指数法及其在巢湖营养状态评价中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对巢湖2000—2008年的监测数据运用SPSS做统计分析,得出叶绿素a与总氮、总磷和透明度的相关系数。通过得出的权重结果,分析出与26个湖泊的差异性,构建了改进的综合营养状态指数(TLI)评价方法,并提出评价的4个步骤。以巢湖为例,运用该方法对湖泊的营养状态进行评价,且对巢湖的富营养化程度做了年际和年内变化的综合评价,评价结果显示各营养物指标的相关关系在近30年有了较大变化,巢湖的富营养化现象已日益严重,已从轻度富营养化状态转变为中度富营养化状态。 相似文献
234.
Surface sediments of the lagoons of Lomé, Togo, were analyzed for mercury, methylmercury, and trace elements. Concentrations
were greater than typical for natural lagoon sediments, and with greater variability within the Eastern lagoon compared to
the Western one. The Eastern lagoon is larger and has been dredged in the past, while the Western lagoon, which also receives
major waste inputs, has not been dredged and shows less tidal flushing. Accordingly, one naturally believes that the Eastern
lagoon is cleaner and probably safe to use due to its natural resources, including fishes to eat. Unexpectedly, we describe
here that mercury methylation was greater in the Eastern lagoon, indicating increased bioavailability of mercury, as probably
facilitated by past dredging that decreased solid-phase retention of inorganic mercury. Urbanization has historically been
more developed in the southern part of the lagoons, which is still reflected in contamination levels of sediment despite dredging,
probably because sources of contamination are still more important there today. Such urban contamination emphasizes the need
to regulate waste discharges and possible airborne contamination in growing cities of developing countries, and implements
environmental and public health monitoring, especially in relation to misbelieves systematically associated with the cleansing
effect of dredging activity. 相似文献
235.
Globally, urban growth will add 1.5 billion people to cities by 2030, making the difficult task of urban water provisions
even more challenging. In this article, we develop a conceptual framework of urban water provision as composed of three axes:
water availability, water quality, and water delivery. For each axis, we calculate quantitative proxy measures for all cities
with more than 50,000 residents, and then briefly discuss the strategies cities are using in response if they are deficient
on one of the axes. We show that 523 million people are in cities where water availability may be an issue, 890 million people
are in cities where water quality may be an issue, and 1.3 billion people are in cities where water delivery may be an issue.
Tapping into groundwater is a widespread response, regardless of the management challenge, with many cities unsustainably
using this resource. The strategies used by cities deficient on the water delivery axis are different than for cities deficient
on the water quantity or water quality axis, as lack of financial resources pushes cities toward a different and potentially
less effective set of strategies. 相似文献
236.
George SJ Sherbone J Hinz C Tibbett M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2740-2749
Onshore oil production pipelines are major installations in the petroleum industry, stretching many thousands of kilometres worldwide which also contain flowline additives. The current study focuses on the effect of the flowline additives on soil physico-chemical and biological properties and quantified the impact using resilience and resistance indices. Our findings are the first to highlight deleterious effect of flowline additives by altering some fundamental soil properties, including a complete loss of structural integrity of the impacted soil and a reduced capacity to degrade hydrocarbons mainly due to: (i) phosphonate salts (in scale inhibitor) prevented accumulation of scale in pipelines but also disrupted soil physical structure; (ii) glutaraldehyde (in biocides) which repressed microbial activity in the pipeline and reduced hydrocarbon degradation in soil upon environmental exposure; (iii) the combinatory effects of these two chemicals synergistically caused severe soil structural collapse and disruption of microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. 相似文献
237.
中国农产品虚拟耕地与资源环境经济要素的时空匹配分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
计算出1999~2009年中国各地区农产品虚拟耕地与人口、水资源、耕地资源、水土流失治理以及GDP等要素的基尼系数以及全国8大区域2009年农产品虚拟耕地 资源环境经济要素的不平衡指数。结果表明:(1)我国农产品虚拟耕地与各资源环境经济要素的地域分布匹配程度都不高;其中农产品虚拟耕地与人口、耕地的地域匹配程度相对较高,与水土流失治理之间的地域匹配状况次之,与GDP和水资源的地域匹配程度相对较低;(2)我国农产品虚拟耕地与各资源环境经济要素的外部公平性不高,黄淮海地区为农产品虚拟耕地 资源环境经济要素不公平性最突出地区,其次是华南、西北和东北地区 相似文献
238.
239.
240.
东北玉米低温冷害时空分布与多时间尺度变化规律分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用东北地区48个农业气象观测站1961-2010年逐日温度资料和近20多年玉米生育期资料,基于热量指数构建生育阶段冷害指数,采用EOF分析、Mann-Kendall法、子波变换等方法系统分析了近50年东北玉米4个生育阶段低温冷害时空分布及周期特征。结果表明:整个生育期全区平均冷害强度呈极显著的减弱趋势,地区间冷害变化趋势呈现差异化特征,冷害强度减弱趋势由西南向东北方向呈阶梯状递增;4个生育阶段冷害指数EOF第一模态均呈冷害空间变化趋势一致的特征;冷害强度呈较明显的减弱趋势,第1到第4生育阶段减弱趋势逐渐增大,突变均发生在1990年代中期;冷害强度具有较强的周期性,出苗—七叶、出苗—抽雄存在明显的23、25年周期,出苗—乳熟、出苗—成熟均具有较明显的3年周期振荡。 相似文献