利用网格采样法比较潮间带沉积物不同粒度区域重金属含量特征

采用网格采样法,在渤海湾潮间带泥质区、泥沙过渡区和粉沙区分别以10 m和1 m为间隔,采集了384个表层沉积物样品,对Al、Fe、Ti、Mn、Ba、Sr、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cu 10种重金属含量特征进行研究,对比了潮间带不同粒度沉积物中重金属的蓄积特征.结果表明,10种重金属在淤泥、泥沙混合、粉沙3种研究区的总含量分别为147.37、98.68和94.27 g·kg-1,粒度变化造成重金属含量的显著分异;除Ba、Sr倾向在富含长石的粗颗粒区富集外,多数重金属元素呈现细颗粒区富集倾向;Sr含量受粒度变化影响最大,而Cr、Ti含量受粒度变化影响相对较小.     

某村石英加工粉尘污染成因分析与控制对策

某村石英加工存在投资小、规模分散、工艺设计不合理、设备简陋等问题，造成当地空气环境PM10超标严重，并引发矽肺职业病。在污染成因分析及区域环境容量研究的基础上，提出了总量控制、改善工艺及粉尘治理等控制对策。     

Environmental significance of biogenic elements in surface sediments of the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent areas

Biogenic elements and six phosphorus(P) fractions in surface sediments from the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent waters were determined to investigate the governing factors of these elements, and further to discuss their potential uses as paleo-environment proxies and risks of P release from sediment. Total organic carbon(TOC) and leachable organic P(Lea-OP) showed high concentrations in the estuary, Zhejiang coast and ofshore upwelling area. They came from both the Changjiang River and marine biological input.Biogenic silicon(BSi) exhibited a high concentration band between 123 and 124°E. BSi mainly came from diatom production and its concentration in the inshore area was diluted by river sediment. Total nitrogen(TN) was primarily of marine biogenic origin. Seaward decreasing trends of Fe-bound P and Al-bound P revealed their terrestrial origins. Influenced by old Huanghe sediment delivered by the Jiangsu coastal current, the maximum concentration of detrital P(Det-P) was observed in the area north of the estuary. Similar high concentrations of carbonate fluorapatite(CFA-P) and CaCO3 in the southern study area suggested marine calcium-organism sources of CFA-P. TOC, TN and non-apatite P were enriched in fine sediment, and Det-P partially exhibited coarse-grain enrichment, but BSi had no correlation with sediment grain size. Diferent sources and governing factors made biogenic elements and P species have distinct potential uses in indicating environmental conditions. Transferable P accounted for 14%-46% of total P. In an aerobic environment,there was low risk of P release from sediment, attributed to excess Fe oxides in sediments.     

惯性器件加速贮存环境性能变化规律及失效机理

目的研究惯性器件的加速贮存环境性能退化规律,分析失效薄弱环节及其失效机理。方法开展惯性器件的加速贮存试验,进行惯性器件的零偏、标度因数的检测,用扫描电子显微镜、红外显微仪、气-质联用仪等分析仪器,监测微观组织、结构损伤情况。针对石英挠性加速度计在加速贮存试验过程中的变化行为,分析温度环境因素对其损伤的微观作用机制,解释宏观性能退化内在原因。结果惯导系统中,石英挠性加速度计在加速贮存试验4个周期后,其零偏超出阈值范围。结论惯导系统中的薄弱环节为石英挠性加速度计的粘结剂。在加速贮存试验过程中,粘结剂中的增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)发生分解生成挥发物,环氧树脂胶618的双酚A也少量挥发。当石英挠性加速度计从高温冷却至室温,检测宏观性能时,两种挥发物沿摆片移动至摆片底部,与力矩器镜面形成粘连,使摆片无法进行有效的工作(摆动)。     

治岭头金银矿床找矿前景新识

矿区变质岩系中相金的高背景层段,中生代火山岩系呈不整合覆盖在金银矿体和变质岩之上,矿体附近古地形比较低的部位,火山岩系下部有较多的脉石英岩和含金石英岩的角砾,火山碎屑岩的含金性可达0.3g/T以上。由于中生代燕山晚期的构造变动对矿床产生破坏作用,部分矿体错失。在F_1断层以西尚有一定规模的金银矿体。对该矿区的找矿前景持乐观态度。     

粮食安全与耕地的关系

粮食安全是关系到长治久安，社会稳定的大事，而耕地是粮食生产的主要载体。在广东省目前耕地面积不断减少，并且耕地质量面临下降的情况下，各级政府有责任采取各项措施，加大对耕地质量改良的投入。只有提高了耕地质量，才能确保广东省的粮食安全。     

石英棒负载TiO2光催化膜的制备、表征与降解性能

利用浸涂法在石英光导棒上制得了TiO2光催化膜.用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对膜的形貌和晶相组成进行了表征,以苯酚为模型污染物考察了膜的活性.结果表明,所制得的TiO2膜催化剂主要由锐钛矿和金红石2种晶相组成;光催化降解苯酚的效果明显优于直接光解;当苯酚初始浓度为0.98 mg/L时,反应2.5 h后的降解率为86%.     

珠江(广州河段)表层沉积物粒度分布特征

沉积物的粒度是控制沉积物中污染物分布的主要因素之一。在珠江(广州河段)表层沉积物粒度组分监测结果的基础上,运用矩法计算公式对各粒度分布参数(平均值、标准差、偏度和尖度)进行了计算,并对沉积物粒度分布特征进行了全面的分析。结果表明:全河段沉积物中砂的平均含量最高,粉砂其次,粘土的含量普遍较低。平均粒径的平均值为0.50 mm,属于砂的粒级范围。在22个断面中,有5个断面的分选系数超过0.5,属于分选中等级别;其余17个断面的分选系数均小于0.5,属于分选好的级别。在22个断面中,出现正偏度和负偏度的断面各占一半。各断面的尖度值在1.00～13.70之间,除1个断面为正态曲线外,其余均为窄峰型。     

Elevated Levels of Cadmium and Zinc in Paddy Soils and Elevated Levels of Cadmium in Rice Grain Downstream of a Zinc Mineralized Area in Thailand: Implications for Public Health

Prolonged consumption of rice containing elevated cadmium (Cd) levels is a significant health issue particularly in subsistence communities that are dependent on rice produced on-farm. This situation is further exacerbated in areas of known non-ferrous mineralization adjacent to rice-based agricultural systems where the opportunity for contamination of rice and its eventual entry into the food chain is high. In the current study, an assessment of the degree of soil Cd and Zn contamination and associated rice grain Cd contamination downstream of an actively mined zone of Zn mineralization in western Thailand was undertaken. Total soil Cd and Zn concentrations in the rice-based agricultural system investigated ranged from 0.5 to 284 mg kg⁻¹ and 100 to 8036 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Further, the results indicate that the contamination is associated with suspended sediment transported to fields via the irrigation supply. Consequently, the spatial distribution of Cd and Zn is directly related to a field’s proximity to primary outlets from in-field irrigation channels and inter-field irrigation flows with 60–100% of the Cd and Zn loading associated with the first three fields in irrigation sequence. Rice grain Cd concentrations in the 524 fields sampled, ranged from 0.05 to 7.7 mg kg⁻¹. Over 90% of the rice grain samples collected contained Cd at concentrations exceeding the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants (CCFAC) draft Maximum Permissible Level for rice grain of 0.2 mg Cd kg⁻¹. In addition, as a function of demographic group, estimated Weekly Intake (WI) values ranged from 20 to 82 μg Cd per kg Body. This poses a significant public health risk to local communities. The results of this study suggest that an irrigation sequence-based field classification technique in combination with strategic soil and rice grain sampling and the estimation of WI values via rice intake alone may be a useful decision support tool to rapidly evaluate potential public health risks in irrigated rice-based agricultural systems receiving Cd contaminated irrigation water. In addition, the proposed technique will facilitate the cost effective strategic targeting of detailed epidemiological studies thus focusing resources to specific ‘high risk’ areas.     

四川粮食生产面临的问题和对策

四川是1亿多人口的农业大省,人均农业资源相对短缺,粮食问题始终是全省经济发展、社会稳定的突出问题。本文在农业区划的大量调查研究的基础上,分析了四川粮食生产面临的问题和对策。