沿面放电氧化液相亚硫酸铵

为了解决湿式氨法烟气脱硫生成不稳定亚硫酸铵（（NH4）2SO3）副产物的问题,设计了以不锈钢弹簧和溶液分别作为高压和低压电极的沿面放电系统,对液相（NH4）2SO3的氧化进行了研究。空气从反应器上方进入后经放电区域形成活性物质,再由底部的曝气头鼓入溶液并与（NH4）2SO3发生反应。比较了沿面放电处理与传统曝气处理的氧化效率,考察了放电电压、载气气量和初始浓度等因素对（NH4）2SO3氧化的影响。结果表明,沿面放电对（NH4）2SO3有显著的氧化效果;优化条件下的（NH4）2SO3氧化率接近100%;溶液中（NH4）2SO4与（NH4）2SO3的浓度比小于1时有利于（NH4）2SO3的氧化。     

城市污水条件下ASBR厌氧氨氧化的启动与脱氮性能

采用ASBR在城市污水条件下进行厌氧氨氧化的启动与脱氮性能研究。实验接种好氧硝化污泥,在温度为(35±1)℃、HRT为24 h、pH为7.3～8.5的条件下经过130 d的培养,成功启动了厌氧氨氧化反应。实验结果表明,厌氧氨氧化反应稳定运行时,TN容积负荷平均为0.179 kg/(m3.d),NH4+-N、NO2--N和TN去除率分别达到了95.30%、91.30%和76.28%。启动期和稳定运行期NH4+-N、NO2--N去除量和NO3--N生成量的比值分别达到1∶1.54∶0.25和1∶1.27∶0.27;稳定运行期进出水pH差值由启动时的0.85下降到0.24。启动期反硝化和厌氧氨氧化反应同时存在而在稳定运行期厌氧氨氧化发展成为主导反应。MLSS和MLVSS/MLSS先减少后增加,反映了启动过程中硝化细菌、反硝化细菌的衰亡和厌氧氨氧化菌逐渐富集的过程,这与反应器的宏观运行效果相一致。     

树脂法去除并回收富营养化河涌水中的磷

磷作为一种重要的元素而被广泛应用于农业与工业中,然而磷的过量排放已成为许多封闭半封闭水体富营养化和沿海赤潮频繁发生的原因之一.去除水体中的营养盐特别是磷酸盐,是有效控制水体富营养化的关键.广州市某河涌水含总磷2.6 mg/L,采用并选择DS离子交换树脂对水中磷进行动态吸附和去除,可使水中的磷降至排放标准以内,解决河涌水含磷高的富营养化问题.由DS树脂所吸附的磷,通过淋洗可得到含磷富集液,使磷从水体中完全分离出来并获得回收.DS树脂的再生能力强,经6次吸附-解吸-再生后,树脂对河涌水中磷的去除率仍可达到90％以上.     

HZ-16型大孔树脂吸附处理含RDT-8废水

采用HZ-16型大孔树脂对含三（三溴苯氧基）三嗪（RDT-8）废水进行吸附及脱附处理。实验结果表明：在废水流量为4.0 BV/h的条件下,树脂最佳吸附工艺条件为出水体积88.0 BV,此条件下出水COD小于291 mg/L,挥发酚质量浓度小于0.08 mg/L;在脱附液流量为0.5 BV/h的条件下,树脂最佳脱附工艺条件为脱附液体积3.0 BV,此条件下脱附液中挥发酚质量浓度为30.6 mg/L,挥发酚脱附率高达76.4%。在最佳吸附-脱附工艺条件下,连续进行10次动态吸附-脱附实验,吸附出水中COD为137~294 mg/L,COD去除率为72.5%~89.1%,挥发酚质量浓度稳定在0.05 mg/L以下,挥发酚去除率为99.8%~100%,说明HZ-16型大孔树脂的吸附-脱附性能稳定。     

季铵化合物对好氧活性污泥吸附Ni2+的影响研究

以季铵化合物中最具潜在影响力、毒性较大的苄基季铵盐(BAC)为模型物,进行了BAC对好氧活性污泥吸附Ni2+的影响研究.结果表明,当反应液初始pH≤3时,不同浓度的BAC对好氧活性污泥吸附Ni2+的影响较小,当初始pH在3～9时,不同浓度的BAC对Ni2+吸附的抑制影响顺序为100 mg/L＞20 mg/L＞0 mg/...     

磷酸铵镁碱促(Mg(OH)_2)热解产物氨氮去除性能

磷酸铵镁热解循环技术可以有效降低磷酸铵镁结晶技术的药剂费用。同时,在磷酸铵镁热解过程中添加Mg(OH)2碱促媒介,能阻止磷酸氢镁向焦磷酸镁的转化,并降低热解产物氨氮去除过程中上清液磷酸盐的残留。在Mg(OH)2∶NH+4摩尔比为1∶1,热解温度为110℃条件下,热解产物沉氨效率接近84%,上清液磷酸盐残留量为0.02 mg/L。     

基于大数据监管平台的通信基站监督性监测技术模式

提出一种基于大数据监管平台的通信基站监督监测技术模式,利用大数据监管平台实现监督监测对象的自动筛选、开展线上全流程监测、自动分析比对监测结果,并将该技术模式用于2019年和2020年广东省10.5万个通信基站的监督监测。结果表明,通信基站备案基础信息的相符率为75.3%～98.6%;社会化监测机构关键点位电磁环境监测结果相符率为60.0%～92.3%。该结果可用于评估广东省通信基站建设单位备案的基础信息相符性结果和社会化监测机构监测质量。     

Defining Historical Baselines for Conservation: Ecological Changes Since European Settlement on Vancouver Island,Canada

Abstract: Conservation and restoration goals are often defined by historical baseline conditions that occurred prior to a particular period of human disturbance, such as European settlement in North America. Nevertheless, if ecosystems were heavily influenced by native peoples prior to European settlement, conservation efforts may require active management rather than simple removal of or reductions in recent forms of disturbance. We used pre‐European settlement land survey records (1859–1874) and contemporary vegetation surveys to assess changes over the past 150 years in tree species and habitat composition, forest density, and tree size structure on southern Vancouver Island and Saltspring Island, British Columbia, Canada. Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that frequent historical burning by native peoples, and subsequent fire suppression, have played dominant roles in shaping this landscape. First, the relative frequency of fire‐sensitive species (e.g., cedar [Thuja plicata]) has increased, whereas fire‐tolerant species (e.g., Douglas‐fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii]) have decreased. Tree density has increased 2‐fold, and the proportion of the landscape in forest has greatly increased at the expense of open habitats (plains, savannas), which today contain most of the region's threatened species. Finally, the frequency distribution of tree size has shifted from unimodal to monotonically decreasing, which suggests removal of an important barrier to tree recruitment. In addition, although most of the open habitats are associated with Garry oak (Quercus garryana) at present, most of the open habitats prior to European settlement were associated with Douglas‐fir, which suggests that the current focus on Garry oak as a flagship for the many rare species in savannas may be misguided. Overall, our results indicate that the maintenance and restoration of open habitats will require active management and that historical records can provide critical guidance to such efforts.     

Integrating Paleobiology,Archeology, and History to Inform Biological Conservation

The search for novel approaches to establishing ecological baselines (reference conditions) is constrained by the fact that most ecological studies span the past few decades, at most, and investigate ecosystems that have been substantially altered by human activities for decades, centuries, or more. Paleobiology, archeology, and history provide historical ecological context for biological conservation, remediation, and restoration. We argue that linking historical ecology explicitly with conservation can help unify related disciplines of conservation paleobiology, conservation archeobiology, and environmental history. Differences in the spatial and temporal resolution and extent (scale) of prehistoric, historic, and modern ecological data remain obstacles to integrating historical ecology and conservation biology, but the prolonged temporal extents of historical ecological data can help establish more complete baselines for restoration, document a historical range of ecological variability, and assist in determining desired future conditions. We used the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) fishery of the Chesapeake Bay (U.S.A.) to demonstrate the utility of historical ecological data for elucidating oyster conservation and the need for an approach to conservation that transcends disciplinary boundaries. Historical ecological studies from the Chesapeake have documented dramatic declines (as much as 99%) in oyster abundance since the early to mid‐1800s, changes in oyster size in response to different nutrient levels from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries, and substantial reductions in oyster accretion rates (from 10 mm/year to effectively 0 mm/year) from the Late Holocene to modern times. Better integration of different historical ecological data sets and increased collaboration between paleobiologists, geologists, archeologists, environmental historians, and ecologists to create standardized research designs and methodologies will help unify prehistoric, historic, and modern time perspectives on biological conservation. Integración de Paleobiología, Arqueología e Historia para Informar a la Biología de la Conservación     

山西省耕地资源的开发与保护

文章从山西能源基地建设为出发点,分析了山西省耕地资源利用的现状特点,提出了耕地资源合理利用的途径以及保护性措施。