WCDMA基站电磁辐射对周围环境的影响分析

随着移动通讯技术的发展,人们在享受移动通信技术带来的便捷服务同时,也在担忧通信基站产生的电磁辐射对人体健康的影响。采用选频监测仪器,对WCDMA基站在正常工作状态和最大发射功率状态下天线轴向不同距离上的功率密度进行监测,并通过理论计算进行验证,分析WCDMA基站对周围环境的影响。     

壳聚糖季铵盐絮凝剂处理丁苯橡胶废水的研究

以壳聚糖(CTS)为母体,3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)为改性剂,合成了壳聚糖季铵盐阳离子型高分子絮凝剂2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖(HTCC),以其对高岭土悬浊液的浊度去除率为指标优化合成条件,以HTCC分别与PAC及PAM复配,絮凝处理丁苯橡胶废水.结果表明,最佳合成条件为:质量比MCTS: MCTA: MNaOH =1:2:1.2、反应温度60℃、反应时间3h,在此条件下合成的HTCC对高岭土悬浊液的浊度去除率达96.46%;HTCC+PAC复配在pH6.0~8.0对丁苯橡胶废水的絮凝效果较好,出水余浊<2NTU,色度去除率达92.98%,COD去除率达32.0%;HTCC+PAM复配在pH5.0~8.9对丁苯橡胶废水的絮凝效果最好,余浊<3NTU,COD去除率46.0 %,且投药量小, pH适宜范围宽,优势比较明显.以HTCC与PAC、PAM分别复配处理丁苯橡胶废水可减轻后续生化处理的负荷,降低PAC、PAM的投加量,从而减小出水中残余铝和残余丙烯酰胺单体的含量.     

太子河流域水库建设对河流水文情势的影响

水库建设所导致的河流水文情势变化是造成河流生态系统退化的重要原因之一.在河流水文指标生态学意义分析的基础上,建立了反映基流量、断流、高流量及涨退水率等特征的指标体系,提出了各类指标的计算方法.利用太子河53 a的日流量数据,计算并分析了水库建设前后水文指标的变异,反映水库建设对河流水文情势乃至生态系统的影响.结果表明:①太子河流域水库建设改变了河流的基流过程,减少了汛期基流,增加了汛前基流;②增加了辽阳河段断流的频率和历时;③减少了汛期洪水的发生次数,增加了汛后中小型脉冲流频率和历时.太子河水库建设导致了显著的水文变化,具有负面生态效应.      

吸收液对中空纤维膜接触器回收尿液中氨氮的影响

采用中空纤维膜接触器（Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor, HFMC）回收尿液中的氨氮,系统研究了吸收液类型（H₃PO₄、H₂SO₄和HNO₃）对氨回收效能、水蒸气的跨膜通量和所获液体肥料的影响.结果表明,使用H₂SO₄作为吸收液时氨氮回收效能最优,其次是H₃PO₄和HNO₃.当采用H₂SO₄为吸收液时,氨氮回收率、氨跨膜通量和传质系数分别为84.49%±0.01%、22.92 g·m^-2·h^-1和2.37×10^-6 m·s^-1.HNO₃的挥发性使其从吸收液侧反向跨膜至料液侧,导致氨跨膜传质驱动力变小;此外,NH₃和HNO₃会在膜孔中反应并生成NH₄NO₃气溶胶,增加氨在膜孔中的传质阻力,导致氨氮的回收效能降低.对采用不同吸收液时膜两侧的水的活度差和理论水通量进行了计算,结果表明,随着氨氮的不断跨膜吸收,膜两侧的活度差和水通量逐渐增大,实验结束时水通量分别为7.44×10^-2 kg·m^-2·h^-1（H₃PO₄）、9.06×10^-2 kg·m^-2·h^-1（H₂SO₄）和2.00×10^-2 kg·m^-2·h^-1（HNO₃）.肥料组分分析表明,以H₂SO₄和HNO₃为吸收液可以获得仅含N素的单一液体肥料,以H₃PO₄作吸收液可获得N-P复合肥,（NH₄）₂HPO₄和NH₄H₂PO₄所占的比例分别为88.33%和11.67%.     

对乙酰氨基酚修饰的后交联树脂对双酚A的吸附性能

用二氯乙烷为溶剂,用FeCl3为催化剂,使氯球和对乙酰氨基酚发生Friedel-Crafts反应制得了对乙酰氨基酚修饰的后交联树脂,对其结构进行了表征,研究乙酰氨基和酚羟基二类氢键作用位点修饰的后交联树脂对双酚A的吸附性能.结果表明,红外光谱显示对乙酰氨基酚已被成功地修饰在后交联树脂上.对乙酰氨基酚修饰的后交联树脂与氯球相比,BET比表面积、孔容明显增大,孔径明显变小.对乙酰氨基酚修饰的后交联树脂对双酚A的吸附量明显高于75%活性炭的聚砜微球对双酚A的吸附量.对乙酰氨基酚修饰的后交联树脂对双酚A的吸附为放热、自发的过程;树脂可以用100%酒精解吸,解吸率为99.92%;吸附动力学数据符合一级吸附速率方程,颗粒内扩散是吸附速率的主要控制步骤,吸附速率同时还受液膜扩散的影响.     

用离子交换树脂柱法观测长春市大气氮沉降

为了解城市环境中大气氮沉降的特点,于2008年9月—2009年9月,使用离子交换树脂柱法对长春市大气氮沉降进行了观测. 结果表明:观测期间,长春市大气硝态氮沉降量月均值为5.33 mg/m2>/sup>,亚硝态氮沉降量月均值为1.67 mg/m2>/sup>. 大气硝态氮和亚硝态氮沉降量有明显的局部分异特点,沉降量大的地点主要分布在交通干线和热电厂周边地区,显示了大气硝态氮的点源和线源特征. 大气氨氮沉降量月均值为3.10 mg/m2>/sup>; 各观测点间大气氨氮沉降量变化明显小于硝态氮和亚硝态氮,显示了大气氨氮的面源特征.      

移动基站远场区功率密度分布和规划控制距离

为掌握畸变条件下移动通讯基站周围功率密度分布,合理确定其规划控制距离,在杭州市主城区选取具有不同网络类型和载波数的2057个移动基站,实测话务高峰期基站周围射频场功率密度.结果表明,畸变条件下GSM基站远场区功率密度S∝r-1.83 (非畸变条件下S∝r-2),决定系数R2=0.80;距基站天线20m内,约85.91%测点功率密度实测值小于非畸变条件下依据天线标称功率和增益计算的理论值.,频数统计结果表明,距天线1~15m范围内,运营商A所属基站S10值(表示有10%的测点功率密度高于该值)比运营商B高10.00%;距天线1~30m内,双网和三网共站基站S10值分别比单网基站高50.31%和57.10%.移动通讯基站规划控制距离以15m为宜,15m外测点功率密度值超过8μW/cm2的基站只占所测基站的0.11%.     

Quantitative assessment in safety reports of the consequences from the detonation of solid explosives

Safety reports are mandatory documents in member states of European Union whenever any threshold limits of amounts of either stored or processed hazardous substances are exceeded. After a short introduction to EU Seveso Directives on major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances and to the transposition and implementation by member states, with a brief comment on last 2012/18/EU Directive (also known as Seveso III directive), the paper focuses on drafting of safety reports for industrial activities involving solid explosives. Specifically, the quantitative assessment of consequences from detonation is tackled respect to the side-on overpressure and the debris production. Both direct and inverse problems are illustrated to determine respectively the overpressure value at a given distance, and the explosive amount that allows respecting the regulations. Their solution is based on either analytic or numerical techniques and being based on recent scientific publications on the matter either evaluates or zeroes nonlinear algebraic equations. The availability of these equations avoids grounding the consequences assessment on diagrams and nomograms that otherwise would lead to interpretation and usage errors besides avoiding the automatic solution of the inverse problem. The paper focuses also on details such as embankment, crater, munitions, rocket propellant, building structure, and wall material that, at different levels, play a role in the assessment of detonation consequences. A discussion on debris formation, the available literature, and the evaluation of the impact probability of fragments on both fixed and moving targets closes the paper.     

我国循环经济行业2012年发展综述

综述了我国循环经济行业发展的政策环境、2012年国家及有关部门发布实施的有关循环经济的政策法规;重点分析了矿产资源、废钢回收加工、废旧轮胎回收加工、废旧塑料利用及其他再生资源开发利用业的循环经济发展概况;简介了行业内最具影响力的示范基地;针对行业发展中存在的主要问题提出了建议。     

An Optimization Method for Estimating Constituent Mean Concentrations in Base Flow‐Dominated Flow

Pollutant coefficients have been widely used to assess runoff nonpoint source pollution from individual land uses (e.g., agricultural, residential) of a watershed. Pollutant coefficients, known as event mean concentrations (EMCs), were developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) to serve as a national measure for characterizing pollutant loading in a receiving water body. The term “baseflow pollutant coefficient (BPC)” is used in this study as a surrogate for EMC to describe mean concentration of pollutants in base flow‐dominated flow. A method for characterizing base flow quantity and quality for different land uses was explored using inverse modeling with two optimization techniques (a least square method and a genetic algorithm [GA] optimization), land use information, and streamflow quantity and quality data. The inverse model was formulated as a constrained minimization problem and demonstrated with data for 15 watersheds in Indiana. Results showed that estimated pollutant coefficients are comparable to the published literature. This indicates that the proposed method has the potential to effectively estimate constituent mean concentrations for pollutant load determination in gauged and ungauged watersheds, albeit more analysis with larger and more robust datasets is desirable to further refine and validate the accuracy of the approach.