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661.
Urea hydrolysis and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorous as MAP
from stale human urine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
LIU Zhigang ZHAO Qingliang WANG Kun LEE Duujong QIU Wei WANG Jianfang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2008,20(8):1018-1024
Laboratory-scale tests for magnesium ammonium phosphate(MAP)precipitation following urea hydrolysis of human urine were conducted using orthogonal experiment design.The effects of initial pH,temperature and the volumetric ratios of stale urine to fresh urine,on urea hydrolysis in urine were studied to determine the final hydrolysis time to recover most nitrogen from separated human urine by MAP.With a volumetric ratio of stale to fresh urine>10% and at temperature≥20℃,urea hydrolysis could be completed i... 相似文献
662.
Effect of inorganic carbon on anaerobic ammonium oxidation enriched in
sequencing batch reactor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The present lab-scale research reveals the enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation microorganism from methanogenic anaerobic granular sludge and the effect of inorganic carbon(sodium bicarbonate)on anaerobic ammonium oxidation.The enrichment of anammox bacteria was carried out in a 7.0-L sequencing batch reactor(SBR)and the effect of bicarbonate on anammox was conducted in a 3.0-L SBR.Research results,especially the biomass,showed first signs of anammox activity after 54 d cultivation with synthetic w... 相似文献
663.
An agenda for assessing and improving conservation impacts of sustainability standards in tropical agriculture
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Jeffrey C. Milder Margaret Arbuthnot Allen Blackman Sharon E. Brooks Daniele Giovannucci Lee Gross Elizabeth T. Kennedy Kristin Komives Eric F. Lambin Audrey Lee Daniel Meyer Peter Newton Ben Phalan Götz Schroth Bambi Semroc Henk Van Rikxoort Michal Zrust 《Conservation biology》2015,29(2):309-320
Sustainability standards and certification serve to differentiate and provide market recognition to goods produced in accordance with social and environmental good practices, typically including practices to protect biodiversity. Such standards have seen rapid growth, including in tropical agricultural commodities such as cocoa, coffee, palm oil, soybeans, and tea. Given the role of sustainability standards in influencing land use in hotspots of biodiversity, deforestation, and agricultural intensification, much could be gained from efforts to evaluate and increase the conservation payoff of these schemes. To this end, we devised a systematic approach for monitoring and evaluating the conservation impacts of agricultural sustainability standards and for using the resulting evidence to improve the effectiveness of such standards over time. The approach is oriented around a set of hypotheses and corresponding research questions about how sustainability standards are predicted to deliver conservation benefits. These questions are addressed through data from multiple sources, including basic common information from certification audits; field monitoring of environmental outcomes at a sample of certified sites; and rigorous impact assessment research based on experimental or quasi‐experimental methods. Integration of these sources can generate time‐series data that are comparable across sites and regions and provide detailed portraits of the effects of sustainability standards. To implement this approach, we propose new collaborations between the conservation research community and the sustainability standards community to develop common indicators and monitoring protocols, foster data sharing and synthesis, and link research and practice more effectively. As the role of sustainability standards in tropical land‐use governance continues to evolve, robust evidence on the factors contributing to effectiveness can help to ensure that such standards are designed and implemented to maximize benefits for biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
664.
David C. Rose 《Conservation biology》2015,29(3):748-754
Drawing on the “evidence‐based” (Sutherland et al. 2013) versus “evidence‐informed” debate (Adams & Sandbrook 2013), which has become prominent in conservation science, I argue that science can be influential if it holds a dual reference (Lentsch & Weingart 2011) that contributes to the needs of policy makers whilst maintaining technical rigor. In line with such a strategy, conservation scientists are increasingly recognizing the usefulness of constructing narratives through which to enhance the influence of their evidence (Leslie et al. 2013; Lawton & Rudd 2014). Yet telling stories alone is rarely enough to influence policy; instead, these narratives must be policy relevant. To ensure that evidence is persuasive alongside other factors in a complex policy‐making process, conservation scientists could follow 2 steps: reframe within salient political contexts and engage more productively in boundary work, which is defined as the ways in which scientists “construct, negotiate, and defend the boundary between science and policy” (Owens et al. 2006:640). These will both improve the chances of evidence‐informed conservation policy. 相似文献
665.
采用离子交换法制备了烷基糖苷季铵盐插层蒙脱土(简称插层蒙脱土)材料,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、差热/热重联用热分析(DSC/TG)仪和X射线衍射(XRD)仪对其进行表征,并使用插层蒙脱土去除水中铜绿微囊藻,最后通过对藻絮体形态的表征分析了插层蒙脱土的除藻机制。XRD测试结果表明,烷基糖苷季铵盐可以插入蒙脱土的层间,使蒙脱土001晶面的层间距增大;DSC/TG测试结果表明,当烷基糖苷季铵盐用量为一倍蒙脱土离子交换容量时,其插入到蒙脱土的量为13.07%(质量分数);当铜绿微囊藻为2.81×108个/L,插层蒙脱土投加量为0.040g/L,藻液初始pH为8时,叶绿素a和浊度的去除率分别可以达到93.02%和90.1%;插层蒙脱土可以通过网捕絮凝作用去除铜绿微囊藻,当它与藻细胞接触时,其层间插入的烷基糖苷季铵盐可以缓慢释放,抑制絮体中藻细胞的活性,并且不会发生藻絮体反漂现象。 相似文献
666.
Loss of an ecological baseline through the eradication of oyster reefs from coastal ecosystems and human memory
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Oyster reefs form over extensive areas and the diversity and productivity of sheltered coasts depend on them. Due to the relatively recent population growth of coastal settlements in Australia, we were able to evaluate the collapse and extirpation of native oyster reefs (Ostrea angasi) over the course of a commercial fishery. We used historical records to quantify commercial catch of O. angasi in southern Australia from early colonization, around 1836, to some of the last recorded catches in 1944 and used our estimates of catch and effort to map their past distribution and assess oyster abundance over 180 years. Significant declines in catch and effort occurred from 1886 to 1946 and no native oyster reefs occur today, but historically oyster reefs extended across more than 1,500 km of coastline. That oyster reefs were characteristic of much of the coastline of South Australia from 1836 to 1910 appears not to be known because there is no contemporary consideration of their ecological and economic value. Based on the concept of a shifted baseline, we consider this contemporary state to reflect a collective, intergenerational amnesia. Our model of generational amnesia accounts for differences in intergenerational expectations of food, economic value, and ecosystem services of nearshore areas. An ecological system that once surrounded much of the coast and possibly the past presence of oyster reefs altogether may be forgotten and could not only undermine progress towards their recovery, but also reduce our expectations of these coastal ecosystems. La Pérdida de una Línea de Base Ecológica por Medio de la Erradicación de Arrecifes de Ostión de los Ecosistemas Costeros y la Memoria Humana 相似文献
667.
在研究RH大孔吸附树脂吸附和解吸性能的基础上,以RH树脂处理炼油厂的碱渣进行了试验。结果表明,RH树脂可用于碱渣脱酚,在一定条件下,树脂的吸酚量可达130mg/ml,吸附饱和后的树脂,解吸后可重复使用,碱渣中的硫不会树脂中毒而降低吸酚量。 相似文献
668.
The water pollution emissions by 13 of the largest pulp and paper companies, developed on the basis of monthly reports filed with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by these companies, indicate a wide disparity in the amount of pollution discharged by them into the nation's waterways. Furthermore, the net discharge of pollution in waterways by all firms is positive, which indicates that all the firms in the study pollute the nation's waterways to some degree. Information presented in this study will be useful for public issues, such as evaluating the effectiveness of the Clean Water Act, government's water pollution policy and abatement strategy, and management's effectiveness in abating water pollution. 相似文献
669.
670.