GIS在环境地质调查中的应用

对GIS系统及其在环境地质评价工作领域的应用作了分析介绍,对环境地质信息系统建立的要求进行了概要的论述。在此基础上,对利用GIS进行上海地区环境地质调查成果管理过程中的有关问题进行了必要的探讨,并提出了对策。     

水中3种酚类化合物在NKA上的吸附研究

研究了单溶质水溶液中的苯酚、间甲酚及对氯酚在大孔树脂ＮＫＡ上的吸附，发现它们的吸附性能依次增加，又研究了３种物质共存的水溶液中它们在ＮＫＡ上的竞争吸附，结果表明，ＩＡＳ模型能够很好地反映这一竞争吸附规律。     

在COD_(Cr)测定中消除亚硝酸根干扰的研究

研究了在CODCr测定中 ,掩蔽剂氨磺酸和氨磺酸铵消除亚硝酸根干扰的方法。探讨了这 2种掩蔽剂对亚硝酸根的掩蔽性能 ,并建立了亚硝酸根与掩蔽剂加入量的关系。结果表明 ,掩蔽剂对亚硝酸根的掩蔽效果很好。将该方法应用于实际水样分析 ,结果令人满意     

膜生物反应器中的基质降解动力学研究

通过动力学推导,得到了膜生物反应器降解有机物和氨氮的的动力学模型,并采用膜生物反应器处理人工配制的生活污水,确定了相关的动力学参数KS=264.04mgCOD/L,νmax=2.01d-1,K=0.0076L/d·mgCOD,y=0.44mgMLSS/mgCOD,Kd=0.021d-1,KN=0.061d-1,并得到了动力学方程,实验表明该动力学方程能较好地预测MBR的出水水质状况,可以为膜生物反应器处理污水的工艺设计提供参考。     

露天煤矿土地复垦适宜性评价专家系统设计

根据大型露煤矿土地复垦适宜性评价的特点，利用可视化语言VC 6．0实现了基于以产生式规则作为知识表达方式的大型露天煤矿土地复垦专家系统的知识库可视化设计。该研究易于应用在具有不同条件下露天矿土地复垦中利用方向和适宜性评价问题。     

呈贡县无公害蔬菜种植基地环境质量现状调查分析

经调查,昆明市呈贡县2 3万亩无公害蔬菜种植基地的环境质量,符合无公害蔬菜生产基地对产地环境的要求,为生产无公害蔬菜提供了科学依据,提出了持续无公害蔬菜生产环境的对策和建议。     

氯化十四烷基二甲基苄基铵盐水体系浮选铜

研究发现 ,在水溶液中Cu(Ⅱ )与硫氰酸铵、氯化十四烷基二甲基苄基铵形成不溶于水的三元缔合物 ,在少量氯化钠存在下此三元缔合物沉淀浮于水相上层并与水分成界面清晰的两相 ,分相过程中Cu(Ⅱ )被定量浮选。实现了Cu(Ⅱ )与Fe(Ⅲ )、Ni(Ⅱ )、Mn(Ⅱ )、Al(Ⅲ )等离子的分离 ,是一种无毒且更为简便、经济、快速的分离方法。     

金属基复合材料的发展趋势

本文回顾了金属基复合材料的沿革与发展，描述了颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究概况，介绍了金属基复合材料的发展趋势及最新进展，提出了“抢占新材料的制高点，以推动我国高科技领域的持续稳定发展”的观点。     

低铵污水灌溉下土壤中硝化作用试验研究

为模拟含低浓度铵的污水灌溉条件下土壤中硝化作用，采用了铵盐溶液(50mg/LNH4Cl)连续淋沥土壤，进行了垂向土柱试验研究，测定了土柱不同深度氮化合物的浓度。结果表明：低铵浓度污水灌溉下土壤溶液中的硝化作用主要是在30cm内发生的，NO3—N的浓度在30cm左右达到峰值。随后由于脱氮等作用，浓度迅速下降，在100cm处减小到10mg/L左右，在40cm以下土壤中未测出NH4—N。     

Use of zeolitized coal fly ash in the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate from aqueous solution

Discharge of wastewater containing nitrogen and phosphate can cause eutrophication. Therefore, the development of an efficient material for the immobilization of the nutrients is important. In this study, a low calcium fly ash and high calcium fly ash were converted into zeolite using the hydrothermal method. The removal of ammonium and phosphate that coexist in aqueous solution by the synthesized zeolites were studied. The results showed that zeolitized fly ash could efficiently eliminate ammonium and phosphate at the same time. Saturation of zeolite with Ca²⁺ rather than Na⁺ favored the removal of both ammonium and phosphate because the cation exchange reaction by the NH₄ ⁺ resulted in the release of Ca²⁺ into the solution and precipitation of Ca²⁺ with PO₄ ³⁻ followed. An increase in the temperature elevated the immobilization of phosphate whereas it abated the removal of ammonium. Nearly 60% removal efficiency for ammonium was achieved in the neutral pH range from 5.5 to 10.5, while the increase or decrease in pH out of the neutral range lowered the adsorption. In contrast, the removal of phosphate approached 100% at a pH lower than 5.0 or higher than 9.0, and less phosphate was immobilized at neutral pH. However, there was still a narrow pH range from 9.0 to 10.5 favoring the removal of both ammonium and phosphate. It was concluded that the removal of ammonium was caused by cation exchange; the contribution of NH₃ volatilization to immobilization at alkaline conditions (up to pH level of 11.4) was limited. With respect to phosphate immobilization, the mechanism was mainly the formation of precipitate as Ca₃(PO₄)₂ within the basic pH range or as FePO₄ and AlPO₄ within acidic pH range.