Selective adsorption of silver ions from aqueous solution using polystyrene-supported trimercaptotriazine resin

Trimercaptotriazine-functionalized polystyrene chelating resin was prepared and employed for the adsorption of Ag(I) from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized according to the following techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method. The effects of initial Ag(I) concentration, contact time, solution pH and coexisting ions on the adsorption capacity of Ag(I) were systematically investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ag(I) was up to 187.1 mg/g resin at pH 0.0 and room temperature. The kinetic experiments indicated that the adsorption rate of Ag(I) onto the chelating resin was quite fast in the first 60 min and reached adsorption equilibrium after 360 min. The adsorption process can be well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the equilibrium adsorption isotherm was closely fitted by the Langmuir model. Moreover, the chelating resin could selectively adsorb more Ag(I) ions than other heavy metal ions including: Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Cr(III) during competitive adsorption in the binary metal species systems, which indicated that it was a highly selective adsorbent of Ag(I) from aqueous solution.     

季铵盐壳聚糖膜对水体中十二烷基苯磺酸钠吸附的研究

以壳聚糖为原料,制备季铵盐壳聚糖膜(QCSM)吸附剂,研究吸附剂对十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的吸附性能,考察了溶液pH值、吸附时间、浓度和温度的影响。结果表明,吸附适宜条件的为:pH 4.0,吸附时间120 min,吸附过程可以很好地用准二级动力学方程描述,吸附等温线用Langmuir方程的拟合效果优于Freundlich和Tempkin方程。在热力学研究表中,ΔG0<0,ΔH0>0,ΔS0>0,表明此吸附过程是自发、吸热和熵增加的过程。     

Contrasting ecological information content in whaling archives with modern cetacean surveys for conservation planning and identification of historical distribution changes

Many species are restricted to a marginal or suboptimal fraction of their historical range due to anthropogenic impacts, making it hard to interpret their ecological preferences from modern-day data alone. However, inferring past ecological states is limited by the availability of robust data and biases in historical archives, posing a challenge for policy makers . To highlight how historical records can be used to understand the ecological requirements of threatened species and inform conservation, we investigated sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) distribution in the Western Indian Ocean. We assessed differences in information content and habitat suitability predictions based on whale occurrence data from Yankee whaling logs (1792–1912) and from modern cetacean surveys (1995–2020). We built maximum entropy habitat suitability models containing static (bathymetry-derived) variables to compare models comprising historical-only and modern-only data. Using both historical and modern habitat suitability predictions  we assessed marine protected area (MPA) placement by contrasting suitability in- and outside MPAs. The historical model predicted high habitat suitability in shelf and coastal regions near continents and islands, whereas the modern model predicted a less coastal distribution with high habitat suitability more restricted to areas of steep topography. The proportion of high habitat suitability inside versus outside MPAs was higher when applying the historical predictions than the modern predictions, suggesting that different marine spatial planning optimums can be reached from either data sources. Moreover, differences in relative habitat suitability predictions between eras were consistent with the historical depletion of sperm whales from coastal regions, which were easily accessed and targeted by whalers, resulting in a modern distribution limited more to steep continental margins and remote oceanic ridges. The use of historical data can provide important new insights and, through cautious interpretation, inform conservation planning and policy, for example, by identifying refugee species and regions of anticipated population recovery.     

Control strategies for disinfection byproducts by ion exchange resin,nanofiltration and their sequential combination

● Effects of AER adsorption and NF on DBP precursors, DBPs, and TOX were examined. ● A treatment approach of resin adsorption followed by nanofiltration was developed. ● Both DOC and Br⁻ could be effectively removed by the sequential approach. ● DBPs, TOX, and cytotoxicity were significantly reduced by the sequential approach. Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are emerging pollutants in drinking water with high health risks. Precursor reduction before disinfection is an effective strategy to control the formation of DBPs. In this study, three types of anion exchange resins (AERs) and two types of nanofiltration (NF) membranes were tested for their control effects on DBP precursors, DBPs, and total organic halogen (TOX). The results showed that, for AER adsorption, the removal efficiencies of DBP precursors, DBPs, and TOX increased with the increase of resin dose, and the strong basic macroporous anion exchange resin (M500MB) had the highest removal efficiencies. For NF, the highest removal efficiencies were achieved at an operating pressure of 4 bar, and the membrane (NF90) with a smaller molecular weight cut-off, had a better control efficiency. However, AER adsorption was inefficient in removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC); NF was inefficient in removing Br⁻ resulting in insufficient control of Br-DBPs. Accordingly, a sequential approach of AER (M500MB) adsorption followed by NF (NF90) was developed to enhance the control efficiency of DBPs. Compared with single AER adsorption and single NF, the sequential approach further increased the removal efficiencies of DOC by 19.4%–101.9%, coupled with the high Br⁻ removal efficiency of 92%, and thus improved the reduction of cyclic DBPs and TOX by 3.5%–4.9%, and 2.4%–8.4%, respectively; the sequential approach also reduced the cytotoxicity of the water sample by 66.4%.     

MIEX树脂在腈纶废水深度处理中的应用

通过试验探讨了MIEX树脂在腈纶废水深度处理方面的技术参数。研究表明,在单独活性污泥法难以实现腈纶废水达标排放的情况下,MIEX树脂可满足稳定达标要求,并对MIEX树脂应用的经济性进行了分析。     

乳化炸药高压热分解试验研究

为分析压力在乳化炸药泵送事故中的影响,运用高压加速量热仪对乳化炸药、硝酸铵和含有10%水分的硝酸铵样品热分解特性进行研究。结果表明:压力对于乳化炸药,硝酸铵和含有10%水分硝酸铵样品的热分解有着显著的影响,压力条件下虽然起始分解温度基本没有变化,但是样品反应速率有了显著的升高,导致放热量增大。水分的存在阻碍硝酸铵的热分解,在乳化炸药配方中适当增加水份含量可以提高乳化炸药生产安全性。分析认为相比于温度,压力对于泵送事故的影响更为关键。     

地方环境管理信息系统的设计(续)——模块和数据库设计

模块化设计是REMIS的基本方法,数据库是REMIS的核心。本文论述了模块化设计和数据库设计的基本方法和成果。据此得到的模块化分解和数据库结构方案可以保证系统实施的稳定性和灵活性,同时使系统保持较高的运行效率。     

基于声发射技术的T700碳纤维/树脂基体界面性能评估

目的 采用声发射技术,对东丽T700碳纤维和2款树脂基体的界面性能进行评估。方法 通过多组单丝拉伸试验,获取T700碳纤维Weibull形状参数m和尺度参数σ₀。使用单纤维断裂方法,利用声发射技术进行监测,选择声发射信号的幅值和能量作为特征,对T700碳纤维和透明的E51环氧树脂及不透明的聚苯硫醚树脂的单纤维断点数量分别进行评估,并与显微镜观察的数量进行对比。结果 获取了T700碳纤维与2种树脂的单纤维断裂声发射信号特征数值。通过声发射监测和显微镜观察法,测量得T700碳纤维与E51环氧树脂的界面剪切强度分别为44.03、46.47 MPa,偏差在5.5%左右。通过声发射技术,测量得T700碳纤维与聚苯硫醚树脂的界面剪切强度达33.43 MPa。结论 使用声发射技术能够准确监测碳纤维/树脂界面中单纤维的断裂信号,为评价纤维和不透明树脂的界面性能提供了有效方法。     

不同比例硫酸铵替代尿素对玉米根际土壤环境及微生物群落的影响

为了探究工业副产物硫酸铵以不同比例替代尿素做为氮肥施入土壤后对土壤养分以及微生物群落的影响,进行了盆栽玉米试验.试验采用完全随机设计方法,共设置 5 个处理:CK（不施肥）、U₁₀ S₀ （100 % 尿素）、U₈ S₂ （80 % 尿素 + 20 % 硫酸铵）、U₆ S₄ （60 % 尿素 + 40 % 硫酸铵）和U₀ S₁₀ （100 % 硫酸铵）.应用常规方法进行土壤基本理化性质以及玉米植株干重的测定,通过 Illumina NovaSeq 平台进行微生物测序.结果表明:① 在玉米的各个生育期,施肥处理土壤 pH（7.85~8.15）与CK（8.1~8.21）相比都有所下降,并且随着硫酸铵比例的增加pH呈不断下降的趋势;② 在玉米各生育期土壤碱解氮含量随着硫酸铵比例的增加呈逐渐增加的趋势,U₀ S₁₀ 处理比CK和U₁₀ S₀ 处理分别提高了30.56 %~63.68 %和13.22 %~38.43 %;有机碳含量变化趋势为:U₈ S₂ > U₆ S₄ > U₀ S₁₀,但除苗期以外其他生育期添加硫酸铵的处理都仍高于U₁₀ S₀ 处理;③ 所有的施肥处理蛋白酶活性都高于对照,并且随着玉米的不断生长和硫酸铵比例的增加蛋白酶活性逐渐增强,U₀ S₁₀ 处理在玉米各生育期都高于U₁₀ S₀ 处理,提高了 10.54 %~100 %;各施肥处理土壤蔗糖酶活性范围为 0.04~0.24 mg·（g·24 h）^-1,并在所有生育期U₀ S₁₀ 处理都显著高于 U₁₀ S₀ 和CK处理,分别提高了20.32 %~99.16 %、24.31 %~79.33 %;④ 所有施肥处理的玉米根际细菌和真菌物种丰富度都低于 CK 处理,U₁₀ S₀ 处理仅低于CK,硫酸铵替代尿素的3个处理细菌群落物种多样性趋势为:U₈ S₂ > U₀ S₁₀ > U₆ S₄,真菌为:U₆ S₄ > U₈ S₂ > U₀ S₁₀ ;⑤ U₀ S₁₀ 和U₁₀ S₀ 处理玉米植株干重最大,分别比 CK 处理提高了39.47 %和36.16 %,U₀ S₁₀ 处理高于U₁₀ S₀ 处理但差异不显著;Pearson 模型表明相关环境变量对土壤根际真菌和细菌物种丰富度和多样性有一定影响,其中pH值和土壤碱解氮含量是影响微生物物种多样性的最主要因素.综上,在石灰性褐土的玉米种植中,以一定比例硫酸铵替代尿素比单施尿素更能提高土壤养分,在一定程度上影响了玉米生长及根际微生物群落,并且有更大的产出.     

生物炭与不同类型氮肥配施对菜地土壤反硝化细菌群落的影响

为了明确生物炭与不同类型氮肥(铵态氮肥和硝态氮肥)配施对土壤反硝化菌群落的影响,以北京顺义菜地土壤为研究对象,设置不施肥(CK)、单施(NH₄)₂SO₄(N1)、(NH₄)₂SO₄+生物炭[30 t·(hm²·a)^-1](N1B)、单施KNO₃(N2)和KNO₃+生物炭[30 t·(hm²·a)^-1](N2B)这5个处理,采集冬、春、夏这3个季节的土壤样品,利用高通量测序分析nar G型、nir K型、nir S型和nos Z型反硝化菌群落组成和多样性,探究其主要影响因子,明确生物炭与不同类型氮肥配施对土壤反硝化菌群落组成和多样性的影响.结果表明：(1)生物炭与两种类型氮肥配施均能够增加土壤矿质氮含量,与单施(NH₄)₂SO₄相比,生物炭和(NH₄